have to 和 have got to 是英语中常见的情态习语,通常表示:
义务:必须做某事
逻辑上的必然性:某事理所当然地必须发生
习惯性(仅限 have to):日常、重复发生的必须行为
一般来说,have to 和 have got to 在变为一般疑问句时,需要借助助动词 do / does / did:
✅ I often have to get up at 5:00.
我经常得在5点钟起床。
✅ Do you ever have to get up at 5:00?
你有不得不在5点钟起床的时候吗?
结构归纳如下:
Do / Does / Did + 主语 + have to + 动词原形
在口语中,尤其是英式英语中,have got to 表达“不得不、必须”,也是非常常见的表达。
注意它在疑问句中通常也用 do you have to...? 来表达,而不是 “Have you got to...?” —— 尽管后者在英式口语中偶尔也会使用。
✅ I've got to finish this report tonight.
我今晚得完成这份报告。
✅ Do you have to finish it tonight?
你今晚必须完成吗?
在一些较为正式或略陈旧的英国英语中,有一种用法是将 have 提前,而不用 do 来提问。这种句型在现代英语中不常用,但仍被认为是语法正确的。
✅ Has he to answer the letter this week?
他必须在这星期回信吗?
⚠️ 这种表达现在较少见,一般推荐使用现代结构:
✅ Does he have to answer the letter this week?
句型 | 结构 | 使用频率 | 适用范围 |
---|---|---|---|
Do you have to...? | 助动词 + 主语 + have to + 动词原形 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐(最常用) | 美式、英式通用 |
Have you got to...? | Have + 主语 + got to + 动词原形 | ⭐⭐(偶见) | 英式,口语常见 |
Have you to...? | Have + 主语 + to + 动词原形 | ⭐(较陈旧) | 正式、传统英式英语 |
1. I often have to work late. — __________?
A. Have you to work late? B. Do you have to work late?
✔ 正确答案:B
2. She’s got to go home early. — __________?
A. Does she have to go home early? B. Has she got to go early?
✔ 两者都可用,A 更通用;B 英式较口语
记住:“Do you have to...?” 是最通用的疑问形式,考试和写作中首选;想尝试更地道的口语,也可以偶尔用 “Have you got to...?”!