“让我帮你完成工作吧。”
很多英语学习者会直接翻译为:
❌ Let me help you to do your work.
乍一看没什么问题,但母语者听起来总觉得哪里“拗口”甚至“别扭”。
正确、地道的表达其实是:
✅ Let me help you with your work.
这不是简单的语法问题,而是 “help” 这个动词背后的习惯用法和语义逻辑。今天我们就来深入讲解:
“help to do” 和 “help do” 到底有没有错?
为什么说 “help with something” 更自然?
什么时候三者都能用,什么时候只能选一个?
英语中的 “help” 是一个特殊的动词,它后面既可以接动词不定式(to do / do),也可以接名词。三种结构如下:
help + 人 + to do sth ✅(语法正确,但不够自然)
help + 人 + do sth ✅(最常用,最地道)
help + 人 + with sth ✅(当后面是名词时)
举例说明:
Can you help me do my homework? ✅(最常见)
Can you help me to do my homework? ✅(可以,但略显正式或英式)
Can you help me with my homework? ✅(名词,地道自然)
所以,“help you to do your work” 虽然语法没错,但在日常英语里说出来就显得不太自然,像是翻译腔,更推荐使用 “help you do” 或 “help you with”。
两者虽然都可以表达“帮忙”,但结构不同,侧重点也略有区别:
结构 | 用法 | 重点 | 例句 |
---|---|---|---|
help + 人 + do | 后接动词原形(不定式) | 强调帮忙“做某事”的过程 | He helped me clean the house. |
help + 人 + with + 名词 | 后接具体事务、名词 | 强调帮忙处理“某件事” | He helped me with the housework. |
更通俗地说:
“help do” = 帮忙去做某个动作
“help with” = 帮忙处理某件事物(通常是名词)
所以我们说 “帮我搬桌子” 可以说:
Can you help me move the table? ✅
Can you help me with the table? ✅(但要看语境是否明确)
实际上,“help to do” 这个结构在语法上是正确的。尤其在英式英语中,它仍然常见。但在美式英语,“to” 通常会被省略,因为“help”是一个“准使役动词”(quasi-causative verb),就像“make / let / have”那样,后面不需要加“to”。
对比:
I helped him to fix his car. ✅(英式英语)
I helped him fix his car. ✅(更自然)
因此,说 “Let me help you to do your work.” 不算语法错误,但更地道的表达应该是:
✅ Let me help you with your work.
✅ Let me help you do your work.
She helped me prepare for the exam. ✅
She helped me with my exam preparation. ✅
He helped his father paint the fence. ✅
He helped his father with the painting. ✅
Can you help me carry these books? ✅
Can you help me with these books? ✅
一般来说,如果你不确定应该用“help do”还是“help with”,只需看后面是动词还是名词即可:
动词 ➝ 用 “help + do”
名词 ➝ 用 “help + with”
❌ Let me help you to do your job.
✅ Let me help you do your job. / Let me help you with your job.
❌ He helped me to clean the room.
✅ He helped me clean the room.
❌ She helped me for the exam.
✅ She helped me with the exam. / She helped me prepare for the exam.
请用合适的形式填空(do / to do / with):
Can you help me _____ this report?
He helped her _____ the dishes after dinner.
She helped me _____ the project.
Could you help me _____ my luggage?
They helped us _____ our presentation.
do
do
with
with
with
(也可以是 “prepare” 视语境而定)