Countries can reduce plastic pollution by 80% by 2040 using existing technologies and by making major policy changes, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) said in a new report on Monday.

联合国环境规划署(UNEP)周一在一份新报告中表示，到2040年，各国可以利用现有技术和重大政策变革，将塑料污染减少80%。

The Kenya-based UN body released its analysis of policy options to tackle the plastic waste crisis two weeks before countries convene in Paris for a second round of negotiations to craft a global treaty aimed at eliminating plastic waste.

这家总部位于肯尼亚的联合国机构发布了对解决塑料垃圾危机的政策选择的分析，两周后，各国将在巴黎举行第二轮谈判，起草一项旨在消除塑料垃圾的全球条约。

The report focuses on three main market shifts needed to create a "circular" economy that keeps produced items in circulation as long as possible: reuse, recycling and reorientation of packaging from plastic to alternative materials.

该报告重点关注了创造“循环”经济所需的三个主要市场转变:重复使用、回收和将包装材料从塑料转向替代材料。

If we follow this roadmap, including in negotiations on the plastic pollution deal, we can deliver major economic, social and environmental wins,” said Inger Andersen, UNEP executive director.

联合国环境规划署执行主任英格·安德森(Inger Andersen)表示:“如果我们遵循这一路线图，包括在塑料污染协议的谈判中，我们就能在经济、社会和环境方面取得重大胜利。”

The treaty negotiations, known as INC2, will take place from May 29 to June 2 and are expected to result in key inputs for the first treaty draft, which needs to be done before the third round of negotiations in Kenya in November.

条约谈判称为INC2，将于5月29日至6月2日举行，并有望为首份条约草案提供关键输入，该草案需要在11月在肯尼亚举行的第三轮谈判之前完成。

UNEP estimates that government promotion of reuse options like refillable bottle systems or deposit return schemes could reduce 30% of plastic waste by 2040.

联合国环境规划署估计，到2040年，政府推广可重复使用的瓶子系统或押金返还计划等可减少30%的塑料垃圾。

It also says recycling could achieve an additional 20% by that year if it becomes a more stable and profitable venture" and fossil fuel subsidies are removed, and that the replacement of products like plastics wraps and sachets with compostable materials could yield an additional 17% reduction.

它还表示，如果“回收成为一项更稳定、更有利可图的事业”，同时取消化石燃料补贴，到2020年，塑料垃圾可以再减少20%，用可堆肥材料取代塑料包装和小袋等产品可以再减少17%。

Countries have different approaches to tackling plastic waste. Some major plastic producing countries like the United States and Saudi Arabia prefer a system of national strategies.

各国处理塑料垃圾的方法不同。一些主要的塑料生产国，如美国和沙特阿拉伯，更倾向于采用国家战略体系。

Some that have formed a "High Ambition Coalition," comprising Norway, Rwanda, New Zealand, the European Union and others, have called for top-down approach where global targets are set to reduce virgin plastic production and eliminate fossil fuel subsidies, among other measures.

一些成立了“高志愿联盟”的国家，其中包括挪威、卢旺达、新西兰、欧盟等国家，呼吁采取自上而下的方法，设定全球目标，减少原生塑料生产，取消化石燃料补贴，以及其他措施。

Some campaigners said the UNEP blueprint fell short of tackling the root of the pollution problem.

一些活动人士表示，联合国环境规划署的蓝图未能解决污染问题的根源。

A treaty that does not cap and reduce plastic production will fail to deliver what the people need, justice demands, and the planet requires,” said Angel Pago, director of Greenpeace's plastics campaign.

绿色和平组织塑料运动主任安吉尔·帕戈说:“一项不限制和减少塑料生产的条约，将无法满足人民的需要、正义的要求和地球的需要。”