在英语学习中,状语的使用是表达句子意义的重要手段之一。状语不仅可以修饰动词、形容词、副词,甚至可以修饰整个句子,从而丰富句子的内涵和表达效果。
<一> 例句
The suitcase is too heavy to be carried by a child.
橡子太重小孩拿不动。
<二> 语法分析
不定式或短语做句子的状语,可以用来表示目的、结果、程度、原因等。此外,有很多成分可以充当状语,如副词、介词短语、不定式、分词或分词短语、形容词、词组、符合结构及从句等。用不定式或补丁是段誉修饰整个句子时,可以称之为句子状语。用某些副词来修饰整个句子,则称之为句子副词。
<三> 触类旁通
(1)The test questions are kept secret, so as to prevent cheating.
考题都保密,以防止作弊。
语法分析:不定式作状语,表示目的。
(2)We must go cautiously, to be sure.
的确,我们得小心谨慎。
语法分析:不定式修饰整个句子,可以称之为句子状语。
(3)She behaved extremely badly.
她表现很不好。
语法分析:副词主要就是作状语,可以修饰动词、形容词或副词等。
(4)Bicycling is a good exercise; moreover, it doesn't pollute the air.
骑自行车是很不错的运动,还不会污染空气。
语法分析:许多副词可起到连词的作用,使得句子与上下文联系更紧密,从而使句子更为流畅。
(5)I am so sorry for what I said to you.
我为我对你说的话而道歉。
语法分析:介词短语作状语,可以表示时间、地点、方式、原因以及其他情况。
(6)I am used to going about alone.
我习惯于独来独往。
语法分析:与形容词同形的副词,称为副词小品词,它们多数都可以作状语。
<四> 巩固练习
1. You are far too clever have done that.
2. I can send a car over fetch you.
3. She [kind] waited for me.
4. She went to party and did not study her lesson.
5. There were no news; she went on hopping.
6. my opinion, the scheme is unsound.
7. I am going thre plane.
8. He had pains his back all the time.
答案:
1. to 2. to 3. kindly 4. therefore 5. nevertheless 6 In 7. by 8. in
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