你家孩子是不是经常会对这些带"self"的词感到困惑?比如"我自己"该用myself还是oneself?写作文时想说"他自己做完了作业"却不知道怎么表达?别着急,今天我们就来系统地了解一下反身代词这个重要的语法知识点。

一、反身代词

1. 什么是反身代词？

反身代词就是表示"...自己"的代词,常见的有:

• 第一人称：myself (我自己), ourselves (我们自己)

• 第二人称：yourself (你自己), yourselves (你们自己)

• 第三人称：himself (他自己), herself (她自己), itself (它自己), themselves (他们/她们/它们自己)

2. 基本构成规律

• 人称代词所有格 + self (单数)

• 人称代词所有格 + selves (复数)

二、反身代词的主要用法

1. 做宾语

• Tom hurt himself when playing football.
（Tom踢足球时伤到了自己。）

• I made myself a cup of tea.
（我给自己泡了杯茶。）

2. 表示强调

• I myself saw the accident.
（我亲眼看到了这起事故。）

• The teacher herself checked our homework.
（老师亲自检查了我们的作业。）

三、常见用法

1. 日常生活中的例句

• Please help yourself to some cookies.
（请随便吃点饼干。）

• We enjoyed ourselves at the party.
（我们在派对上玩得很开心。）

• The cat washed itself after eating.
（猫吃完后自己洗了洗。）

2. 课堂常用例句

• Students should believe in themselves.
（学生们应该相信自己。）

• Did you finish your homework by yourself?
（你是自己完成作业的吗？）

四、反身代词的特殊用法

1. "by + 反身代词"表示"独自"

• I live by myself.
（我独自生活。）

• Can you do it by yourself?
（你能自己做吗？）

2. 固定搭配

• enjoy oneself (玩得开心)

• help oneself to... (随便吃/用...)

• behave oneself (规矩点)

五、易错点

1. 常见错误用法

错误：Me and my friend went shopping.
正确：My friend and I went shopping.

错误：Tom and myself went to school.
正确：Tom and I went to school.

2. 注意事项

• 主语和反身代词的人称要一致

• 不能随意用反身代词代替人称代词

• 注意单复数的使用

六、趣味记忆法

1. 歌谣记忆

Myself, yourself, and himself too,
Herself, itself, they're just a few.
Ourselves, yourselves, and themselves last,
Now we've learned them all so fast!

2. 情境记忆

• 洗漱情境：I wash myself every morning.

• 学习情境：We teach ourselves English.

• 游戏情境：They enjoyed themselves at the park.

七、实用例句

1. 日常对话例句

• Make yourself at home.
（请随便，别客气。）

• I made myself breakfast this morning.
（今天早上我自己做的早餐。）

• The children can dress themselves now.
（孩子们现在会自己穿衣服了。）

2. 学习场景例句

• She taught herself to play the piano.
（她自学弹钢琴。）

• The students introduced themselves to the new teacher.
（学生们向新老师做自我介绍。）

练习题

1. 选择正确的反身代词：

1) Tom hurt _____ while playing basketball.
A. himself  B. herself  C. itself

2) We enjoyed _____ at the party.
A. myself  B. yourself  C. ourselves

3) The cat cleaned _____ after eating.
A. himself  B. itself  C. themselves

2. 句子改写：

将下列句子改写成含有反身代词的句子：

1) I did my homework. (No one helped me)

2) They played in the garden. (They had fun)

3) She made a cake. (For her own)

3. 翻译练习：

1) 我自己完成了这幅画。

2) 他们在公园玩得很开心。

3) 小猫自己洗干净了。

答案：

选择题：

1) A  2) C  3) B

句子改写：

1) I did my homework by myself.

2) They enjoyed themselves in the garden.

3) She made herself a cake.

翻译练习：

1) I finished this painting by myself.

2) They enjoyed themselves in the park.

3) The kitten cleaned itself.