Fog harvesting could provide water for dry cities

Many regions in the world have very little rain. It is a daily challenge for people to get water. Scientists have found a new way that could help some of the driest towns and cities in the world. Capturing water from fog could provide drinking water to millions of people. Researchers in Chile have been studying how fog harvesting could help to collect water. Fog harvesting is a simple process. Water from fog is collected on large mesh screens that are hung between poles. When fog and clouds pass through the screens, droplets of water stick to the mesh. This water then drips into pipes below the screens and ends up in storage tanks. It is a cheap and easy way of collecting water in dry areas.

The researchers are from Universidad Mayor, a private university in the capital city Santiago. They have been testing fog harvesting in the desert town of Alto Hospicio. The town gets an average of less than 5 mm of rainfall a year. Many people who live there get their drinking water delivered by truck. Researcher Dr Virginia Carter Gamberini said fog harvesting could bring a "new era" to the town. She said her research "represents a notable shift in the perception of fog water use – from a rural, rather small-scale solution to a practical water resource for cities". She added: "Water from the clouds could enhance our cities' resilience to climate change, while improving access to clean water."

TRUE / FALSE: Read the headline. Guess if 1-8 below are true (T) or false (F).

1. The article says most regions in the world will get very little rain.     T / F

2. It is easy to collect water by using fog harvesting.     T / F

3. With fog harvesting, water sticks to poles that hang between screens.     T / F

4. Fog harvesting is an expensive way of collecting water.     T / F

5. The fog harvesting experiment took place in the capital city of Chile.     T / F

6. Many people in the town of Alto Hospicio get water from a truck.     T / F

7. A researcher said fog harvesting could help cities one day.     T / F

8. Fog harvesting could be useful to protect us against climate change.     T / F

1. 词汇学习：

• Fog harvesting（雾收集）：指的是从雾中收集水分的过程。这个术语与环境科学和水资源保护相关。

• Mesh screens（网格屏幕）：这些是由网状材料制成的屏幕。了解这个词可以帮助描述在实际解决方案中使用的材料。

• Drip（滴落）：指液体一滴一滴地掉下。这个动词在描述水或液体流动时很有用。

• Storage tanks（储水罐）：用于存储水的容器。当讨论液体存储时，这是一个非常重要的词汇。

• Resilience（适应能力）：指从困难中恢复的能力，通常用于描述社区或城市如何应对气候变化等挑战。

• Perception（认知）：指人们对某事物的理解或看法。在讨论人们对某个问题的态度时很有用。

2. 语法知识：

• 被动语态：例如在句子 "Water from fog is collected on large mesh screens"（雾中的水被收集到大网格屏幕上）中，使用被动语态强调的是过程，而不是执行这个动作的人。

• 定语从句：例如 "Researchers in Chile have been studying how fog harvesting could help..." 或者 "The town gets an average of less than 5 mm of rainfall a year"（这个小镇每年平均降水量不到5毫米）。定语从句用来给名词提供更多信息而无需开始新的句子。

• 间接引语：例如 "Researcher Dr Virginia Carter Gamberini said fog harvesting could bring a 'new era' to the town"（研究员Virginia Carter Gamberini博士说，雾收集技术可能为这个小镇带来‘新纪元’）。间接引语是用来转述他人的话。

• 情态动词：例如 "could"、"would"等表示可能性或能力。例如，“Fog harvesting could bring a new era”表示“雾收集技术可能带来新纪元。”

3. 阅读理解：

• 理解文章的主旨：雾收集技术的过程及其可能带来的好处。

• 需要理解事实细节（如雾收集如何工作，在哪些地方进行测试）和观点或预测（如研究人员对雾收集未来的看法）。

4. 时态用法：

• 现在完成进行时：例如 "Researchers have been testing fog harvesting"（研究人员一直在测试雾收集技术）。这个时态用来描述一个从过去开始并持续到现在的动作。

• 一般现在时：例如 "It is a daily challenge for people to get water"（对人们来说，获取水源是每天的挑战）。一般现在时用于描述普遍的事实或日常的事情。

• 一般过去时：例如 "They tested fog harvesting in the desert town"（他们在沙漠小镇测试了雾收集技术）。用来描述过去完成的动作。

5. 连接词和过渡词：

• 例如 "while"（然而）、"and"（和）、"but"（但是）、"from"（从）、"to"（到）等连接词，用来连接句子或句子中的不同部分，使文章更有逻辑性和连贯性。

• "Represents"（代表）在 "represents a notable shift"（代表一个显著的转变）中是一个关键动词，用来表示某事物象征着重要的意义。