在英语中，定语从句是一种常见的从句结构，用于修饰名词或代词，使句子信息更为详尽。在这些从句中，关系代词（如"who"、"which"、"whom"等）起着连接主句和从句的作用，并且它们的选择和用法受先行词的影响。关系代词的正确使用不仅能够提高语句的清晰度，还能帮助表达更加准确的语义。

<例句>

I still remembei the day when she was killed.

我仍记得她被害的那一天。

<语法分析>

在由when,where,why和how等词引导的定语从句时，它们分别指前面先行词所表示的时间、地点、原因和

方式，否则引导的就不是定语从句。定语从句主语和谓语的一致性决定于先行词的数，关系代词如指前面

的整个句子时，谓语动词用单数。定语从句可转化为分词短语，如果因为时态的限制或含有情态动词的时

候，则不可以转换。

<触类旁通>

(1)The girl with whom you work is his sister.

和你一起工作的女孩是他的妹妹。

语法分析：关系代词作介词的宾语，介词可前置

(2)They arrived at a farm house,in front of which sat a little girl.

他们来到一家农舍前，农舍前坐着个小女孩。

语法分析：如关系代词作介词短语的宾语，这个短语只能前置

(3)That was the meeting during which I kept falling asleep.

就在那个会议上我总是不停地打瞌睡。

语法分析：先行词是定语从句中介词的宾语时，介词可前置

(4)Here is a letter from the Whites,who want to come to London.

有一封怀特夫妇来的信，他们要来伦敦。

语法分析：定语从句主语和谓语的一致性决定于先行词的单复数

(5)He is a strange character who dislike parties.

他是个奇怪的人，不喜欢社交。

语法分析：先行词如果是人称性的，关系代词用who，否则用which

<巩固练习>

(1)He built a telescope through _______ he could study the skies

(2)The fox by ______ the chicks were killed was shot.

(3)She works in a factory,at the back of ______ there is a river.

(4)The names,of ______ she remembered some were all strange to me.

(5)The girl on the right of ______ sat a young man was a woman driver.

(6)The fact _____ you pointed out made me interested.

(7)That is the house ______ the boy was born.

(8)He doesn't know the reason ______ she was absent.

(9)He is one of the engineers who _____[be] experts in German.

(10)The committee who ______[be] responsible for it were all punished.

(11)She admires those ______ succeed.

<参考答案>

(1)which (2)which (3)which (4)which (5)whom (6)which (7)where (8)why (9)are (10)were (11)who