学英语是不是总想说得更像老外?今天咱们就来学一个超级实用的句型,它能让你的英语听起来更自然、更地道!这个句型就是带着一个“小尾巴”的疑问句,学名叫反意疑问句 (Tag Questions)。
反意疑问句就像在你的陈述句后面加个小问号,用来向对方确认信息,或者寻求对方的同意。“对吧?”“是吗?”“不是吗?”就是它常有的意思。
咱们先来看最常见、也是今天重点讲的结构:
陈述句(肯定) + 助动词/情态动词的否定缩写 + 主语代词?
简单来说就是:“你是...,不是吗?” 这种感觉。
这个“小尾巴”可不是随便接的,它得跟前面的陈述句“对上号”。主要看两点:动词 和 主语。
如果你的陈述句里有这些词,那“小尾巴”就用它们的否定缩写形式:
Be动词 (am, is, are, was, were): 直接用它们的否定缩写。
You are ready, aren't you?
你准备好了,不是吗?
She is a student, isn't she?
她是学生,不是吗?
They were tired, weren't they?
他们累了,不是吗?
特别注意!
当陈述句的主语是 I am 时,“小尾巴”要用 aren't I,不是 amn't I 哦!
I am the first one, aren't I?
我是第一个,不是吗?
情态动词 (can, will, should, must, could, would, might...): 用它们自己的否定缩写。
You can do it, can't you?
你能做,不是吗?
They will go to Europe, won't they?
他们要去欧洲,不是吗? (will not 的缩写是 won't,记住啦!)
We should rise early, shouldn't we?
我们应该早起,不是吗?
He could help us, couldn't he?
他能帮我们,不是吗?
记住这些否定缩写,别写错了:
will not --> won't
would not --> wouldn't
should not --> shouldn't
can not --> can't
could not --> couldn't
might not --> mightn't
ought not --> oughtn't
Have动词 (表示拥有 或 完成时): 这个有点小复杂,但记住规则就好!
表示拥有 (have/has): Mike has a car, doesn't he?
麦克有辆车,是吧?/不是吗?
(这是美式英语和日常口语常用法,把它当做一般动词处理)
表示拥有 (have/has): Mike has a car, hasn't he?
麦克有辆车,不是吗?
(这是英式英语常用法,把它当做助动词处理)
They have a big house, don't they?
他们有大房子,不是吗?
用于完成时 (have/has/had + 过去分词): I suppose you have been in our woods, haven't you?
我猜你在我们森林里待过,不是吗?
She had finished her homework, hadn't she?
她做完作业了,不是吗?
总结一下have:当have/has是主语+have/has+名词(表示拥有)的时候,用don't/doesn't比较普遍(尤其美式),也可以用haven't/hasn't(英式)。当have/has/had是助动词(后面跟动词的过去分词构成完成时态)的时候,就直接用haven't/hasn't/hadn't。
一般动词 (现在式/过去式): 用 do/does/did 的否定形式。
The secretary typed the letter, didn't she?
是秘书打了这封信,不是吗? (typed 是过去式,用 didn't)
You like pizza, don't you?
你喜欢披萨,不是吗? (like 是现在式,主语 You 用 don't)
He speaks Chinese, doesn't he?
他说中文,不是吗? (speaks 是现在式,主语 He 用 doesn't)
I know he had a good time last night, didn't he?
我知道他昨晚玩得愉快,不是吗? (know 后面的从句 he had a good time 是过去式,所以“小尾巴”跟着从句,用 didn't he)
“小尾巴”里的主语永远是代词。如果陈述句的主语本身就是代词 (I, you, he, she, it, we, they),那就直接用。如果陈述句的主语是名词,就把它变成对应的代词:
单数名词 (人或物): 用 he, she, it 代替。
Mike has a car, doesn't he?
麦克有辆车,是吧? (Mike 是人名,用 he)
The secretary typed the letter, didn't she?
是秘书打了这封信,不是吗? (secretary 是单数,用 she 或 he,这里假设是女性)
The wall plug is broken, isn't it?
墙上的插座坏了,不是吗? (wall plug 是物,用 it)
复数名词 或 表示一群人 的词: 用 they 代替。
Clean parks are beautiful, aren't they?
干净的公园是美丽的,不是吗? (parks 是复数名词,用 they)
People are waiting outside, aren't they?
人们在外面等着,不是吗? (people 表示一群人,用 they)
These books are heavy, aren't they?
这些书很重,不是吗? (These books 是复数,用 they)
不定代词 (everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, no one, nobody...): 通常也用 they 代替。
Everyone is here, aren't they?
大家都在这儿了,不是吗? (Everyone 用 they,注意前面是 is,后面是 aren't)
Nobody came, did they?
没人来,是吗? (Nobody 本身含否定意义,所以“小尾巴”用肯定,did they)
小提示: 当陈述句主语是像 everything, something, nothing, anything 这样的不定代词时,“小尾巴”用 it。
Everything is ready, isn't it?
一切都准备好了,不是吗?
反意疑问句的语调会影响它的意思和用法哦!
语调下降 (Falling Intonation): 表示你很确定陈述句是真的,只是随口问一下,或者希望对方同意你。这时候“小尾巴”更像是一种确认或强调,而不是真正的提问。
They're ready, aren't they? ↘
他们准备好了吧?(读降调:基本确定他们准备好了,只是随口确认一下)
Mike has a car, doesn't he? ↘
麦克有辆车,是吧?(读降调:我知道他有,只是提一下)
语调上升 (Rising Intonation): 表示你不确定陈述句是不是真的,是在向对方提问并寻求答案。
They're ready, aren't they? ↗
他们准备好了,不是吗?(读升调:我不确定他们是否准备好了,问问看)
Mike has a car, doesn't he? ↗
麦克有辆车,不是吗?(读升调:我不太确定,问问你)
所以,同样一句话,语调不同,意思可能就不一样啦!练的时候要注意哦!
虽然今天重点讲了肯定句+否定小尾巴,但反过来也是可以的:
陈述句(否定) + 助动词/情态动词的肯定 + 主语代词?
这种结构通常表示提问者强烈期望得到一个肯定的回答。
You are not angry, are you?
你没生气吧?(希望你回答“是的,我没生气”)
He doesn't like coffee, does he?
他不喜欢咖啡,对吧?(可能听说他不爱喝,来确认一下)
They haven't finished yet, have they?
他们还没完成呢,是吗?(有点惊讶他们还没完成,来确认)