英语学习:Let 的用法与误区解析

英语作文    发布时间:2025-07-10  
划词翻译

在中文中,“让”是一个常见而灵活的动词,用于表示“允许”、“命令”、“建议”、“使得”等多种意思。然而在英语中,表示“让”的对应词并不只有 let 一种。很多时候,如果不加分析地将“让”译为 let,很容易出现错误表达。

一、误用分析:医生让我卧床休息 ≠ The doctor let me stay in bed

✘ 错误表达: The doctor let me stay in bed.
   解析: let 意为“允许”,用于表示放行、允许做某事,但医生说“让你卧床休息”并不是简单的“允许”,而更接近于“建议”或“要求”。因此,应根据语境选择更准确的动词。

✔ 正确表达: The doctor advised me to stay in bed.
   理由: advise 表示“建议”,在表达医生的专业意见时更合适。

二、let 的基本用法

let 通常表示“允许”或“让某人去做某事”,其句型结构为:

let + 人 + 动词原形

示例:

  1. Let him go.(让他走。)

  2. My mom doesn't let me watch TV at night.(我妈妈不让我晚上看电视。)

相关短语:

  • let go (of):放手

  • let out:放出,释放

  • let in:让进来

  • let someone do something:允许某人做某事

三、其他表示“让”的动词对比

英语中根据“让”的具体语义,常见替代动词包括:

动词中文含义适用语境例句
let允许允许某人做某事Please let me go home early.
make使,让(强迫)强迫或导致某人做某事My teacher made me do it again.
ask请求/要求委婉请求别人做某事I asked him to help me.
tell命令、告诉命令或指导某人做事She told me to be quiet.
advise建议给予专业或委婉建议The doctor advised me to drink more water.
allow允许(正式)用于规则、政策、权限相关Smoking is not allowed here.

四、实用例句

例句① Let's go together.(一块儿去吧。)

此处 Let'slet us 的缩写,用于建议一起做某事,语气友好。

例句② Please let me try again.(让我再试一次。)

let me 表示“请允许我”,用于请求行为许可。

例句③ The guard didn't let the man in.(保安不让那人进去。)

let sb in 是固定短语,表示“让某人进去”。这里表示“拒绝进入”。

例句④ He is younger than you. You ought to humour him a little.(他比你小,你该让他一下。)

此处“让”是“迁就、照顾”的意思,不能用 let,而用 humour(顺从、体谅)。

例句⑤ She kept me waiting in the rain as long as two hours.(她让我在雨中等了整整两个小时。)

“让某人做某事”不是“允许”,而是“使某人处于某种状态”,因此不能用 let,而用 keep + 宾语 + doing

例句⑥ The boss made the workers work 18 hours a day.(老板让工人每天工作18小时。)

此处是“强迫”语气,应该用 make + sb + 动词原形,表示“让某人不得不做某事”。

五、典型错误

  1. 把“建议/命令/要求”误译为 let:
           ✘ The teacher let me finish the test at home.
           ✔ The teacher allowed me / told me / asked me to finish the test at home.

  2. 把“使得/导致”误译为 let:
           ✘ His joke let everyone laugh.
           ✔ His joke made everyone laugh.

  3. 忽视 let 后接原形动词的结构限制:
           ✘ She let me to go.
           ✔ She let me go.

六、练习题:选词填空(let / make / ask / advise / tell / allow)

  1. The teacher __________ us to bring our own pens.(老师要求我们带自己的笔。)

  2. My mother __________ me to go to bed early.(妈妈让我早点睡。)

  3. Don't __________ your children watch TV all day.(不要让孩子整天看电视。)

  4. The doctor __________ her to drink more water.(医生建议她多喝水。)

  5. He __________ me try again and again.(他让我一次又一次地尝试。)

  6. The boss __________ them work late at night.(老板让他们工作到深夜。)

七、与 let 搭配的常见表达

  • Let’s + 动词原形:表示建议或邀请。如:Let’s play basketball.

  • Let sb down:让某人失望。如:Don’t let your parents down.

  • Let sb know:告诉某人。如:Please let me know if you need help.

  • Let sb go:释放某人。如:The police let the man go.