美国梦是一个被众多美国人普遍信仰的理念,即凭借个人的努力、非凡的勇气与意志力,每个人都可以致富,实现自己的梦想。机会均等是美国梦的灵魂。聪明、勤奋与坚韧不拔是实现美国梦的必要条件。
To Americans, industriousness, thrift, and ambition are positive values. We encourage our children to be competitive, to get ahead, to make money, to acquire possession. In games and in business alike the aim is to win the game, the trophy, the contract. We go in for labor-saving devices, gadgets, speed, and shortcuts. We think every young couple should set up a home of their own, and we pity the couple who must share their home with a parent, let alone with other relatives. Actually, of course, not all Americans hold all these values, and those who do may hold other, and at times contradictory values that affect their ways of behaving. In the main, however, the collective expectation of our society is that these are desirable goals, and the individual, whatever his personal inclination, is under considerable pressure to conform.
Excerpt From Understanding Other Cultures
By Ina Corinne Brown
[参考译文]
美国梦
艾娜·科琳娜·布朗
对美国人而言,刻苦努力、勤俭节约、胸怀大志都是积极向上的美德。我们鼓励子女敢于竞争、力争上游、自谋营生、积累财富。在比赛中,在商务往来中,目标就是要赢得比赛,获得奖品,签订合约。我们孜孜不倦地追求省力的工具、灵巧的装置,提高速度,寻求捷径。我们认为每对年轻夫妇都应该拥有属于自己的家,我们同情那些必须和父亲或者母亲住在一起的年轻夫妇,更不用说与其他亲戚住在同一屋檐下的人了。当然,事实上并不是所有的美国人都持有同样的理念,的确有人抱有不同有时甚至相反的准则,他们的行为方式受这些准则左右。但是,总的来说,他们的社会普遍期望这些品德是我们的既定目标,无论每个人的自我倾向是什么,他都承受着相当的压力去实现这些目标。
[注释]
-positive [ˈpɒzətɪv] adj. 积极的,有助益的 good or useful
-gadget [ˈɡæʤɪt] n. 小器具,小配件 a small tool or device that does sth useful
-conform [kənˈfɜːm] v. 一致,符合 to agree with or match sth
[作者简介]
艾娜·科琳娜·布朗(Ina Corinne Brown, 1896-1984),人类学家,是美国多个协会的会员,致力于公共事业及种族关系的发展。 她的《了解异域文化》是她最有名的作品。这部作品曾被彼得克萨斯大学选作大学新生必读英语作品。