动名词(Gerund)是英语中的一种非限定动词形式,它具有动词和名词的双重特性。动名词通常由动词原形加-ing构成,可以作为名词使用,在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。
<例句>
You must not give up studying foreign languages for evern a day.
哪怕是一天,你也不应该放弃学习外语。
<语法分析>
有很多动词可以跟动名词作宾语,如suggest, finish, miss, excuse, pardon, advise, keep on,give up 和 put off 等。也有些动词后面可以接动名词和不定式作宾语,还有的动词后面不接动名词,如 wish, hope, agree, care, fail, afford 和 determine 等。有很多词可作动名词的逻辑主语,如形容词性物主代词,名词所有格,人称代词的宾语,名词普通格等。名词化的动名词更多地具有名词的特性,可与冠词连用,也可有定语修饰,可以有复数形式。
<触类旁通>
(1) Please leave off crying.
请不要再哭了。
语法分析:有很多动词可以直接跟动名词作宾语。
(2) Do you like playing (to play) chess?
你喜欢下棋吗?
语法分析:有些动词后面可以接动名词和不定式作宾语。
(3) I remember seeing him once somewhere.
我记得在某处见过他。
语法分析:在某些动词,如 remember 和 forget 等后面接动名词作表语,表示此动名词的动作已完成,用不定式作表语,表示此不定式作的动作尚未完成。
(4) Would you mind my reading your books?
我看看你的书可以吗?
语法分析:形容词性物主代词作动名词的逻辑主语。
(5) Do you object to my friend's joining you?
你发对我朋友参加到你们一起来吗?
语法分析:名词所有格作动名词的逻辑主语。
(6) She spoke of there being danger.
她谈到过有危险。
语法分析:有时there可充当动名词being 的形式主语、
(7) These readings are useful to the students.
这些读物对学生有用处。
语法分析:名词化的动名词可有复数形式。
<巩固练习>
1. He crossed the street to avoid _____[meet] his teacher.
2. I suggested _____[go] a walk.
3. She keeps _____[think] about it.
4. Would you mind ____[open] the door?
5. After _____[take] careful aim, he let the arrow fly.
6. I am looking forward to ____[make] a trip to Beijing.
7. She insists on _____[do] it in her own way.
8. Her trouble is her not _____[have] enough money.
9. She was awaken by someone _____[knock] at the door.
10. Excuse me for my _____[be] careless.
11. She is busy _____[review] her lessons.
12. The workers lost no time ____[carry] out th plar.
<参考答案>
1. meeting 2. going 3. thinking 4. opening 5.taking 6. making 7. doing 8. having 9. knocking 10. being 11. reviewing 12. carrying
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