名篇背诵:Shakespeare 莎士比亚

英语作文    发布时间:2024-05-22  
划词翻译

Shakespeare 莎士比亚

塞缪尔·约翰逊(Samuel Johnson)

Shakespeare is above all writers, at least above all modern writers, the poet of nature; the poet that holds up to his readers a faithful mirror of manners and of life. His characters are not modified by the customs of particular places, unpractised by the rest of the world; by the peculiarities of studies or professions, which can operate but upon small numbers; or by the accidents of transient fashions or temporary opinions:they are the genuine progeny of common humanity, such as the world will always supply, and observation will always find. His persons act and speak by the influence of those general passions and principles by which all minds are agitated , and whole system of life is continued in motion. In the writings of other poets a character is too often an individual; in those of Shakespeare it is commonly species.


- peculiarity [pɪˌkjuːlɪˈærətɪ] n. 特性,特质

- progeny [ˈprɒdʒɪnɪ] n. 子孙,后代

- agitate [ˈædʒɪteɪt] v. 鼓动,使不安定


莎士比亚高于所有作家,至少高于现代所有作家。他是讴歌自然的诗人,在读者面前呈现一面真实的行为规范与生活的镜子。他的人物角色,不因特定地点的习俗而改变,而其他作家则做不到;他的人物角色,不因研究和专业的独特性而改变,这些独特性只在不入流的作家那里才起作用;他的人物角色,也不因昙花一现的时尚或一时起意的偶然因素而改变;他的人物角色是共同人性的真正子孙后代,这样的子孙后代将不断在世界上出现,永远可以观察得到。他的人物角色的一言一行,受到激发人类共同心灵的情感和原则的影响,于是整个生命系统延续着,生生不息。在其他诗人的作品中,一个人物角色常常就是一个个人;在莎士比亚的作品中,一个人物角色常常代表一类人。


塞缪尔·约翰逊(1709—1784),英国词典编撰家、评论家、诗人。生于利奇菲尔德(Lichfield)。1738年发表长诗《伦敦》(London )得到好评。他的著作还有长诗《人生希望多空幻》(The Vanity of Human Wishes ,1749),《英语词典》(A Dictionary of the English Language ,1755),《诗人传》(Lives of the Poets ,1779—1781)等,有很大成就,为此牛津大学和都柏林大学授予他文学博士学位。他在英国文学史上具有重要地位,在文学理论上有不少真知灼见,例如认为“不能以古典主义的定法衡量莎士比亚,认为“三一律”并不合理。他的文章失之浮夸,句法冗长,对偶成分多,但重视语法,用词讲究,语言规范。