（1）描述原因句型

due to /because of /for the reason that

The chief reason why...is that...

Now that...

Another factor/ reason is that...

There are ample / powerful/ sufficient/ various reasons in saying that...

One may criticize/ find fault with/ disapprove of...but the real cause/ motivation/ root/ purpose of...is...results from/ arises from/ can be attributed to the fact that...

As far as I am concerned, there are some reasons accounting for this phenomenon.

（2）描述结果句型

However important we may regard school life to be, there is no denying the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher.

One may criticize the authorities for the accident, but the real reason lies deeper.

Thus / As a result / So / Consequently / Hence / Accordingly / Thereby...

It may result in / yield / give rise to some other problems...

It would cause / produce / bring about a considerable / noticeable change in...

Among all the reasons of..., one should be emphasized that...

（3）论证说明句型

It is obvious / apparent / clear / conspicuous / without doubt that...

A recent report indicates that...

According to the statistics provided by..., it can be seen that...

Based on the survey/analysis/investigation of..., there is a growing/increasing/decreasing number of people who show concern about...

There is sufficient evidence showing that...

This sets forth the important fact that...

No one can ignore / overlook / be exempt from the fact that...

No one can deny / withdraw the fact that...

As is known to all / It is well-known / that...

I am convinced that...

There is no doubt that ...

My idea/ view/ belief/ can be proved/ supported by...

（4）举例说明句型

Fake commodities can do great harm to both consumers and society. For example, when a person bought fake medicine, it was useless in curing his disease and really a waste of money. Sometimes it can even cause death.

I will take...as an example

Another special consideration in this case is that...

For instance / example...

Take...as an example...

We may cite / quote / take a common example to illustrate that...

Our society abounds with the examples of...

...may be exemplified / proved by the following fact that...

（5）对比句型

On the one hand...On the other hand...

Nothing can rival...

...has merits as well as drawbacks.

...while...

...whereas...

...is not the same as...

A is just the opposite...

A differs from B in that...

...(The case) is not the same.

...instead...

Otherwise...

Contrary to widely accepted views, I believe that...

...varies from person to person.

What people fail to consider is that...

A is superior/inferior to B.

（6）对照句型

A is similar to B.

A is to B what C is to D

A and B have something in common

Just as..., so...

Similarly/ Likewise...

The advantages of A are much greater that B.

The same is true of.../ The same can be said of...

Compared with B, A has many advantages.

Wonderful as A is, it has its own disadvantages, too.

Although A enjoys considerable advantages over B, it cannot compete with B in...

（7）递进句型

Moreover...

Furthermore...

In addition...

Besides...

Apart from...

What's more...

What is more important...

（8）列举句型

(In my opinion, borrowing money from a friend can harm or damage the friendship.) First of all, asking a friend for money puts your friend in an uncomfortable position. Second, I think borrowing money from a friend can alter his perception of you. Finally, if you borrow money from a friend, it changes the balance in the relationship.

To begin with...

In the first place...In the second place...In the third place...

For one thing...For another...

（9）转折句型

It goes without saying that advertisement has brought our life color, convenience, comfort, or any enjoyment undreamed of, but it is also worthwhile to point out that some advertisements have gone too far in this direction.

But some other people become indulged in the games. They play from dawn to dusk, live in the unreal world, and give up all but everything. They are too stupid to make it clear that the real life is the most important.

We used to write down our daily feelings and personal things on papers, which is called diaries. These are personal world full of our secrets. Today, however, some people prefer Internet blogs to diaries.

Nevertheless, there are other factors to be taken into consideration / account.

Good as...is, it has its own disadvantages, too.

It is partly right to say that...but we should not neglect the fact that...

However, the advantages of...outweigh any benefit we gain from...

It is true that...but this is not to say...

Given the fact that..., it by no means indicates that...

On the contrary...

In contrast...

（10）让步句型

although

however

nevertheless

after all

yet

（11）并列句型

Few people are immune to vanity, jealousy, and pretension.

The book is neither instructive nor interesting.

She speaks English fluently and freely.

He does not like to swim, nor read, nor ride, nor drive.

The group of people comes into the room, talking, singing and laughing.

He firmly believes that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources other than books and that personal investigation is of great importance.

Nature gave them no warm fur pelts against the cold, no swiftness to escape any enemy, and no weapons for fighting.

（12）过渡句型

This is true that...

It is one thing to...it is another to...

It is true without doubt, but...

As can be indicated in the picture...

As is shown by the picture...

As is revealed in the cartoon...

As we can find out later...

According to...given in the drawing...

It is generally believed / accepted / thought / held...

The key findings taken from the picture are as follows:...

It can be seen from the picture that...

（13）强调句型

It is the ability to do the job that matters, not where you came from or what you are.

It is the parents that always expect their children to get a good job and earn a lot of money.

It is the progress she has made that surprises me.

It was under his teacher's instructions that he succeeded in conducting the experiment.

It was while watching the football game that they kept shouting at the top of their voices.

（14）倒装句型

Only when you have got good preparation can the opportunities come to you naturally.

We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain.

So hard did he work that he finally won the fame.

Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.

Not only was every tree cut down in the forest, but also all the animals disappeared permanently.

（15）虚拟语气

Care must be taken in using this method lest serious problems (should) occur.

If only the man would listen to the others' advice.

Any men in his position would have done like that.

But for electricity / If there were no electricity, there would be no modern industry.

Should there be any trouble with this solution, the public would be able to take legal actions.

（16）同位语

Winston Churchill, Britain's Prime Minister during the Second World War, died in 1965.

All the things have two faces, a light one and a dark one.

No one can deny the fact that the earth moves around the sun.

The man in the picture is obviously wrong in his opinion that a woman's place is in the home.

Certainly there are many worthwhile programs on television, including news, educational programs for children, programs on current social problems, plays, movies, concerts, and so on.

（17）分词短语

Faced with such difficulties, there is no choice for them but to quit.

Fighting against the bad weather, an umbrella can shelter people from wind and rain.

After seeing so many experiments, smokers become aware of the harm of smoking.

Having suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.

Judging from his appearance, we may guess that he is an old doctor.