an apple for the teacher

american schoolchildren occasionally present an apple to the teacher. obviously the custom contains an element of bribery — you offer sweet fruit to authority figures to " sweeten" their disposition . in schoolchildren’s case, the apple is offered to make their grades more favorable. therefore, the apple has more or less acquired a corrosive reputation and maybe for this reason, in slang english" to applepolish "means" to flatter or fawn"and an applepolisher is a flatterer.

but the custom might also be explained as a fair payment for the teacher’s instruction. in the early days of public education, school teachers were not always salaried. often they would be paid in goods and services, offered by either the school, or the pupils or the parents. . .. therefore, the occasional gift of an apple for the teacher in today’s classroom should be a welcome reminder of the era when education was one -to-one and when teaching meant enlightening the students rather than identifying their rankings.

caps and gowns

for students, the most exciting moment may be the graduation ceremony: parents, relatives and friends are invited to the ceremony; all the graduates are wearing black square flat caps and gowns. they all await the president to announce in the end,"now, please move your tassels from right to left. "the caps and gowns worn by high school and college graduates today are survivors of the everyday dress worn by members of the academic community in medieval europe. the majority of scholars in the middle ages were churchmen, or soon to become so, and their dress was often strictly regulated by the universities where they taught and studied. the standard clerical dress throughout europe was the long black cope. the original preference for black was changed in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, as such colors as red, violet and purple came into fashion; but by the renaissance black was back, as the color black symbolized simple and plain, or austere way of life in the sixteenth century. with few exceptions, modern universities keep that ceremonial austerity.

the origin of the square flat cap, or mortarboard , is obscure, though it probably derives from the medieval biretta . such a tufted square cap is considered the badge of the 024 mastership , and is later adopted by undergraduates and schoolboys. the term mortarboard does not appear in english until the 1850 s. the tassel that graduates transfer from one side to another as a signal of their elevation is an outgrowth of the medieval tuft. the tuft still appears on the modern biretta, worn by bishops throughout the church of rome .

给老师一个苹果

美国学童偶尔会给老师一个苹果.很明显,这一习俗包含了贿赂的成分——你向权威人物提供甜水果,以"甜美"他们的性格.对于小学生来说,苹果是为了让他们的成绩更好.因此,苹果或多或少地获得了一种具有腐蚀性的名声,也许正是出于这个原因,在俚语英语中,"to applepolish"意为"奉承或奉承",而applepolisher就是奉承者的意思.

但这一习俗也可以被解释为对老师指导的公平报酬.在公共教育的早期,学校教师并不总是拿薪水的.他们通常会得到由学校、学生或家长提供的商品和服务.. ..因此,在今天的教室里,偶尔给老师送一个苹果应该是一个受欢迎的提醒,提醒我们在那个时代,教育是一对一的,教学意味着启发学生,而不是确定他们的排名.

帽子和长袍

对于学生来说,最激动人心的时刻可能是毕业典礼:父母、亲戚和朋友被邀请参加毕业典礼;所有的毕业生都戴着黑色方形平顶帽,穿着长袍.他们都在等待总统最后宣布:"现在,请从右向左移动你的流苏."今天高中和大学毕业生所穿的帽子和长袍是中世纪欧洲学术界成员日常着装的幸存者.中世纪的大多数学者都是神职人员,或者很快就会成为神职人员,他们的着装常常受到他们任教和学习的大学的严格规定.在整个欧洲,标准的牧师服装是长长的黑色长袍.最初对黑色的偏爱在13世纪和14世纪发生了变化,红色、紫色和紫色开始流行;但到了文艺复兴时期,黑色又回来了,因为黑色象征着16世纪简单朴素的生活方式.现代大学几乎无一例外地保持着这种仪式性的简朴.

方形平帽或学士帽的起源是不清楚的,尽管它可能起源于中世纪的biretta.这种簇状方帽被认为是024大师的标志,后来被本科生和男生采用.学士帽(mortarboard)一词直到1850年才出现在英语中.毕业生从一边转移到另一边的流苏是中世纪簇毛(tuft)的产物,这表明他们的地位有所提高.如今,罗马教会的主教们佩戴的比雷塔(biretta)上仍有这种簇毛.