很多同学经常问:“a、an和the到底怎么用?什么时候用冠词,什么时候不需要?”其实,冠词虽然看起来简单,但里面藏着不少规则和小技巧。掌握冠词用法,不仅能让你的句子更地道,还能避免很多低级错误。
英语中的冠词主要有三种:a、an和the。其中,a和an叫做不定冠词,the叫做定冠词。除此之外,还有一种情况是没有冠词,叫做零冠词,这也是需要掌握的。
不定冠词 a / an:用来表示某个不特定的单数名词。
定冠词 the:用来表示特定的、已知的事物。
零冠词(no article):某些名词前不加冠词,如复数可数名词泛指,或专有名词等。
a 和 an 都是用来指代单数、泛指的名词,区别在于单词开头的发音:
a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前,例如:a book(一书)、a cat(一只猫)、a university(一所大学)。注意,university虽然以字母u开头,但发音以辅音音素 /ju:/ 开头,所以用。
an 用在以元音音素开头的单词前,例如:an apple(一个苹果)、an orange(一个橙子)、an hour(一小时)。hour虽然以h开头,但h不发音,所以按元音音素开头处理。
例句:
I saw a dog in the park yesterday. (我昨天在公园看到一只狗。)
She wants to eat an apple now. (她现在想吃一个苹果。)
He is a honest man. (他是一个诚实的人。)——honest的h不发音,发音以元音开头,所以用an。
the 用于特指听者和说话者都知道的某个或某些事物。它既可以修饰单数名词,也可以修饰复数名词和不可数名词。
常见用法包括:
谈论之前提到过的事物:
I saw a movie last night. The movie was very interesting.
(我昨晚看了一部电影。那部电影很有趣。)
指世界上独一无二的事物:
The sun rises in the east.
(太阳从东方升起。)
指前面提到的某一类事物:
The tiger is a dangerous animal.
(老虎是一种危险的动物。)
用于海洋、河流、山脉等地理名词:
The Pacific Ocean, the Yangtze River, the Himalayas。
用于乐器前:
She can play the piano.
(她会弹钢琴。)
用于序数词和形容词最高级前:
This is the first time I’ve been here.
(这是我第一次来这里。)
例句:
The book on the table is mine. (桌子上的那本书是我的。)
He visited the Great Wall last summer. (他去年夏天参观了长城。)
The moon looks very bright tonight. (今晚月亮看起来很亮。)
有些情况下,名词前不需要冠词,这就是零冠词。常见情况如下:
复数可数名词表示泛指:
Dogs are loyal animals.
(狗是忠诚的动物。)
不可数名词表示泛指:
Water is important for life.
(水对生命很重要。)
专有名词(人名、城市名、国家名)通常不加冠词:
I live in Beijing.
(我住在北京。)
学校、医院、教堂、监狱等场所名词,表示其功能时不加冠词:
She goes to school by bus.
(她坐公交车去学校。)
例句:
I like cats. (我喜欢猫。)
He drinks coffee every morning. (他每天早上喝咖啡。)
Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world. (珠穆朗玛峰是世界最高的山。)——这里用定冠词the是因为the highest mountain是特指。
We’ll meet at school at 8 a.m. (我们早上8点在学校见面。)
| 错误句子 | 正确句子 | 解释 |
|---|---|---|
| I have the cat. | I have a cat. | 泛指一只猫,用不定冠词a。 |
| She is an university student. | She is a university student. | university发音以辅音音素开头,使用a。 |
| I love the music. | I love music. | 泛指音乐,不加冠词。 |
| He goes to the school every day. | He goes to school every day. | 表示功能场所时,school前通常不加冠词。 |
a lot of — 许多
There are a lot of students in the classroom.
课堂里有许多学生。
the same — 相同的
We have the same idea.
我们有相同的想法。
in the morning/afternoon/evening — 在早上/下午/晚上
I study English in the afternoon.
我下午学习英语。
at a time — 一次
Please come in one at a time.
请一次进来一个。
There is a book on the desk. 桌子上有一本书。
Can you give me an orange? 你能给我一个橙子吗?
The sun is shining brightly today. 今天阳光明媚。
I like cats. 我喜欢猫。
My father works in a hospital. 我爸爸在一家医院工作。
We went to the zoo last weekend. 我们上周末去了动物园。
请根据句意填入合适的冠词(a / an / the / 不加冠词):
There is _____ cat on the roof.
He bought _____ apple and _____ orange.
I want to go to _____ school now.
_____ sun rises in the east.
She has _____ idea for the project.
We saw _____ elephant at the zoo yesterday.
_____ music you play is very beautiful.
My brother is _____ university student.
He listens to _____ radio every morning.
There are many books on _____ table.
参考答案:
a
an / an
school
the
an
an
the
a
— (零冠词)
the