“Afraid” 可以有三种搭配,分别是:
to be afraid to + 动词原形,例如:
He's afraid to die. (他怕死,对死亡本身感到恐惧)
to be afraid of + 动词-ing,例如:
He's afraid of dying. (他害怕死,两种意义都有可能)
to be afraid (that) + 从句,例如:
He's afraid (that) he'll die. (他对自己会死感到担心)
“To be afraid to + 动词原形”不可以用于肯定的祈使句,但可以用于否定的祈使句。
例如: “Do not be afraid to take Mary as your wife, because the child conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit...”
(《圣经·马太福音》1:20)
在“to be afraid to + 动词原形”中,如果动词表示自主有意识的动作,通常表示由于害怕后果而想避免这样做。
例如:Even fools are afraid to lean against a rotten post. (连傻瓜都不敢靠近腐烂的柱子)
例如:Although the figure seemed to be beckoning them, they were afraid to approach her. (虽然那个人形似乎在招手,他们却不敢靠近她)
而动词“dread”则更加侧重“恐惧”的情绪,且并不强调“避免”的含义。
例如:I dread going to the dentist. (我害怕去看牙医)
例如:I dread to think what might have happened. (一想到本来可能发生的事,我就不寒而栗)
例如:The dreaded moment finally came. (那个令人害怕的时刻终于到来)
与中文中的“恐怕”一样,英语中的“I’m afraid”也可以表示婉转拒绝或引入不利消息。
例如:I'm afraid I can't help you. (恐怕帮不了你的忙)
例如:I'm afraid there's been an accident. (恐怕出了事故)