It doth not become green heads to advise grey hairs.
新手不能向老人提出忠告。
这是18世纪英国作家Henry Fielding说的一句话。原译是一个学生考试中的翻译。译者知道"grey hair"指“老人”,这是对的,但他把"green heads"译作“新手”却错了。“新手”应该是"green hand(s)"。这个错误也许是粗心所致,其实,略微思考一下就应该能想到,句中的"green heads"是和"grey hair"相对的,不可能扯到“新手”上去。(翻译时要仔细看上下文。)
这一句的关键在"become"一词。通常,"become"是一个系动词,意思是“成为”。也许原译者觉得“成为”之意在本句里不通,于是干脆忽略不译,只是设法凑出一个看上去通顺的句子。学生的翻译练习,甚至出版的译作中不乏这种只顾译文“通顺”而不惜歪曲原文意思的情况,尤其是遇到自以为熟悉的词语有别的含义或从字面上很难推导出其意思的习语时。这是翻译的一大忌讳。
"become"一词还有一个用法,即作为及物动词,意思为“适合”或“同……相称”,例如:
He said no more than what became him as master of the house.
他只说了些符合主人身份的话。
Coyness doesn't become you.
忸怩作态不适合你。
所以原句的正确译法应是:年轻人忠告老年人是不合适的。(从内容上说这句话并不正确,不过很长时期人们都这么说。)
It would not become me to criticize you, gentlemen, who are really all my elders—and my superiors, in this thing.
诸位先生,你们几乎都是我的前辈——在这个问题上都是我的师长——我是不配向你们提出任何批评的。
英语里还有一个利用"become"构成的双关谜语:
—When will a dress turn into a human being?
—When it becomes her.
由"become"的这个意思,还产生了形容词"becoming"和副词"becomingly":
The light on her face was very becoming.
她脸上的光泽非常柔和。(可能指照相时灯光正好。)
He seemed quite at a loss for words to express his admiration becomingly.
看上去他完全不知道如何恰到好处地表达他的爱慕之情。