关于创造力
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on creativity . You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words according to the following guidelines:
What is creativity about?
The ways to develop creativity.
审题立意
1. 导语解读：要求考生根据提纲的内容就“创造力”这一话题进行简述，并解释。
2. 文章立意：创造力是21世纪最重要的能力之一。想要培养创造力，学生自己要养成独立思考的习惯，开拓创新，老师也应想尽办法为学生提供一切可能，使其寻求独到的见解。
写作思路
1. 第一段简要描述创造力，然后提出问题：应如何培养创造力。
2. 第二段讲述创造力的培养主要通过两个渠道，一是学生自己坚持独立思考和广泛阅读；二是老师多提供机会鼓励学生寻求独到的见解。
3. 第三段呼应论点，再次强调创造力的重要性。
参考范文
Creativity is about learning to do something with a different perspective. 1 Apparently, creativity is a powerful resource we should make full use of. 2 But how to develop creativity? Two key points are concluded as follows: 3
First of all 4 , as for students, we must keep thinking independently and enjoying asking questions. And also 4 , we should be fully aware of the importance of extensive reading. The more books we read, the broader our horizon is, and the more new ideas we can work out. In addition 4 , teachers play a significant role in cultivating students' creativity. For example, it is teachers' responsibility to encourage students to answer more open-ended questions and come up with unique solutions. Teachers are supposed to provide more possibilities for the students, rather than telling them there is only one answer to each question.
All in all, we must recognize the importance of creativity as a crucial ability in the 21st century and spare no efforts to enhance creativity among children, youths and adults. Only in this way can we expect a promising future. 5
创造力关乎学会从不同的角度做事情。显然，创造力是我们应充分利用的强大资源。然而，创造力应如何培养呢？以下两点是关键。
首先，作为学生来讲，我们必须坚持独立思考，乐于提问题。同时，我们也应该充分意识到广泛阅读的重要性。我们书读得越多，见识就越广，产生的新想法就越多。另外，老师对于培养学生的创造力起着重要的作用。比如，老师有责任鼓励学生回答开放式的问题并得出独到的解决办法。老师应当给学生提供更多的可能性而不是告诉他们任何问题只有一个答案。
总之，创造力是21世纪的一项重要能力，我们必须认识到它的重要性，并不遗余力地增强儿童、青年人及成年人的创造力。只有这样我们才能迎来光明的前途。
范文点评
1. 开篇简要描述创造力的内涵。
2. 自然过渡，引出创造力的重要性，紧扣作文话题。
3. 首段最后两句明确说明培养创造力的关键要素有两点。
4. 分点论述，条理清晰；举例论证，增强说服力。
5. 末段总结全文，重申培养创造力的重要性。
要点用法
creative adj. 有创造力的
creativity n. 创造力
extensive adj. 广泛的
horizon n. 视野，眼界
cultivate v. 培养
promising adj. 有希望的
句法点评
1. For example, it is teachers' responsibility to encourage students to answer more open-ended questions and come up with unique solutions.
这句话使用了it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to encourage students to answer more open-ended questions and come up with unique solutions，由于主语太长，为避免头重脚轻，用it作形式主语。
2. Teachers are supposed to provide more possibilities for the students, rather than telling them there is only one answer to each question.
be supposed to do sth.，表示“应该做某事”，用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等，相当于情态动词should。此外还包含rather than这个词组，意为“而不是，而非”。
关于大学生宿舍
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay stating the advantages and disadvantages of living in college dormitories following the outline given below. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words:
The disadvantages of living in a college dormitory;
The advantages of living in a college dormitory;
My opinion.
审题立意
1. 导语解读：要求考生根据所给提纲就“住大学生宿舍的利弊”这一话题写一篇英语文章。
2. 文章立意：住大学生宿舍有不好的一面，比如缺乏隐私、容易引起冲突等，但尽管如此，住学生宿舍益处多多，比如锻炼学生生活自理能力、培养学生与人相处的能力等，因此，住大学生宿舍，利大于弊。
写作思路
1. 第一段阐述住大学生宿舍的弊端。
2. 第二段论述住大学生宿舍的好处。
3. 第三段阐述个人的观点：认为住大学生宿舍利大于弊。
参考范文
Many students are obliged to share accommodation with others in college. For them, the lack of privacy is the biggest challenge. And there may even be conflicts in the dormitory due to different habits. 1
Despite the above disadvantages, there are still many advantages for sharing a dormitory with others. 2 First 3 , because freshmen are far away from their families and old friends, roommates often become the natural company to conquer the loneliness and homesickness in their new life. Second 3 , since college is not all about study, sharing a room with others provides an opportunity for the students to develop communication skills to deal with different people. Besides 3 , roommates can learn from each other.
In conclusion, I think that there are more advantages than disadvantages in living in college dormitories. So we should learn to overcome the problems that may arise, and make friends with our roommates so as to enjoy a colorful campus life. 4
在大学里，很多学生不得不与他人同住。对他们来说，最大的挑战是缺少隐私。宿舍成员间甚至会由于生活习惯不同而产生冲突。
尽管有以上弊端，与他人同住一个宿舍仍有诸多益处。首先，大学新生远离家人和老朋友，室友通常会自然而然地成为他们克服孤独和思乡情绪而迎接新生活的同伴。其次，由于大学不仅仅是学习知识的地方，而与他人同住也为学生们提供了一个可以发展和不同的人打交道的能力的机会。另外，室友们还可以互相学习。
总之，我认为住学生宿舍利大于弊。因此我们应该学会克服可能出现的各种问题，与室友成为好朋友，以便享受多彩的校园生活。
范文点评
1. 介绍住大学生宿舍的弊端。
2. 采用让步转折的方式，引出住大学生宿舍的益处。
3. 从三个方面具体阐述住大学生宿舍的好处。
4. 总结全文并表明自己的观点：住学生宿舍利大于弊；同时提出倡议。
要点用法
be obliged to 不得不
despite prep. 尽管，不管
freshman n. 大一新生
accommodation n. 住处
company n. 同伴，陪伴
conquer v. 克服
in conclusion 总之
句法点评
1. Despite the above disadvantages, there are still many advantages for sharing a dormitory with others.
该句既总结上文，又引出下文；同时，关键词紧扣提纲，点明主旨；despite表明让步转折关系。
2. In conclusion, I think that there are more advantages than disadvantages in living in college dormitories.
用in conclusion引出个人观点，总结全文。
关于职业定位和目标
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Occupation Orientation and Career Goal . You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words according to the following guidelines:
Senior undergraduates are facing career choices.
To figure out your occupation orientation and career goal contributes to your career development.
What should we do to develop a desirable career?
审题立意
1. 导语解读：要求考生根据提纲的内容就“职业定位和目标”这一话题进行简述，并解释。
2. 文章立意：要想毕业时找到较为理想的工作，就必须充分认识到职业定位和目标规划的重要性。
写作思路
1. 第一段指出事实：大学生就业已成为一个难题。
2. 第二段阐述造成大学生就业难的原因：高校扩招，经济不景气，职业定位不准等。
3. 第三段阐述若想找到理想的工作，应在找工作前做好充分准备。
参考范文
Occupation Orientation and Career Goal
There is no doubt that job hunting is a grave problem with which college graduates are confronted. 1
There are various reasons for graduates' being increasingly difficult to secure an ideal job. 2 For example, colleges and universities have enrolled so many students that the number of graduates is far greater than needed in the market. And the job vacancies are insufficient during the economic depression. Nevertheless, as far as I am concerned, the most critical factor is that a large number of college students haven't figured out right occupation orientation or career goal before they really enter the society. In reality, both occupation orientation and career goal are crucial to one's career development. If one intends to find an ideal job, here are several recommendations.
Above all 3 , college students should seek their own orientation, analyze their personalities and find out their vocational interests, in order to know what jobs they are suitable for and capable of. Then full preparation should be made. Second 3 , job hunters need to make all-round analysis of the job market and professional situation, finding a proper place after considering social needs and personal interests. What's more 3 , the graduates should set both long-term and short-term goals, making mature and rational choices according to different situations at different career development stages.
职业定位和目标
毫无疑问，找工作是大学生正面临的一个严肃问题。
大学毕业生找到一份理想工作越来越难，原因有很多。比如说，高校招收的学生太多，以至于毕业生的数量远远高于市场的需求。另外，在经济萧条期间，空缺职位往往不足。然而，在我看来，最关键的要素是很多大学生在真正进入社会之前没有找准正确的职业定位或设立正确的职业目标。事实上，职业定位和目标对于职业发展来说至关重要。若想要找到理想的工作，这里有几条建议可供参考。
首先，大学生在毕业前应找好自己的定位，分析自己的性格特征，找准职业兴趣，看自己适合做什么,能做什么，并为之做好充分的准备。其次，求职者应全方位分析职业行情和职场形式，在社会需求和个人兴趣之间寻找切合点。此外，毕业生要制定长期和短期目标，根据所处环境不同和职业发展阶段不同作出成熟理性的选择。
范文点评
1. 开篇简要说明客观事实：大学生找工作不易。
2. 自然过渡，引出大学生难找工作的原因。
3. 采用分点论证的方法，列举对职业定位和目标确定的建议和措施，恰如其分。
要点用法
secure v. 得到
vacancy n. 空缺
insufficient adj. 不充足的
orientation n. 定位，定向
in reality 事实上
vocational adj. 职业的
rational adj. 理性的
句法点评
1. There is no doubt that job hunting is a grave problem with which college graduates are confronted.
开篇首句使用了There is no doubt that...句型，这是六级作文中阐述现象时常使用的句式，意为“毫无疑问，……”，类似的表达方法还有There is no denying that...
2. If one intends to find an ideal job, here are several recommendations.
该句型是表达提出建议的常用句式。
关于地铁票价上涨
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Subway Ticket Price Increase . You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words according to the following guidelines:
The subway ticket price in Beijing has been increased.
Some are in favor of it while others are against it.
What's your opinion?
审题立意
1. 导语解读：要求考生根据提供的线索就“地铁票价上涨”这一话题进行简述，并提出自己的看法。
2. 文章立意：现有的地铁价格体系因票价过低迫使政府不得不大量补贴，同时导致地铁人满为患，因此北京市政府实施了票价上涨政策，对此，有人赞成，有人反对，我认为用多变的票价来解决问题是可行的。
写作思路
1. 第一段简要描述政府出台了提升地铁票价的政策以削减补贴。
2. 第二段通过对比论证的方式阐述支持方和反对方对于地铁涨价的不同观点。
3. 第三段提出我的个人看法并加以论证。
参考范文
On Subway Ticket Price Increase
The Beijing municipal govern-ment has reformed the current low-cost subway ticket system and increased ticket price in order to cut the overall cost of transport subsidies in the city. 1
Such a policy has led to a heated debate, with some supporting the policy, while others say it would be counterproductive. 2 People in favor of the policy said that the reform should be carried out because proper increase of the subway ticket price can ease the great transportation pressure to some extent. 3 However, people against the policy said that rising fares is undesirable because it raises people's living cost. They said the government should provide other social welfare services to the public, if not, the government should not abandon the subsidy policy. Besides, low subway ticket price can encourage green travel. 3
From my perspective, variable ticket pricing as a solution is feasible. 4 The subway charges passengers according to the lengths of trips. In that way, it is effective to make cuts in the subsidies with proper subway ticket price while Beijing's public transport system still sees a large number of passengers.
关于地铁票价上涨
北京市政府就目前地铁票务系统低价情况进行了改革，提升了票价，以全面削减城市交通运输补贴。
此举激起热烈的辩论，有人支持这一举措，也有人觉得这会事与愿违。赞成此举的人认为应该实行这项改革，因为适当地提高地铁票价可以在一定程度上缓解巨大的交通压力。然而，持反对意见的人则表示价格上涨不是个好事，因为这样做增加了人们的生活成本。他们表示政府应该向公众提供其他的社会福利，否则，政府就不应该抛弃地铁补贴政策。另外，地铁低价可以鼓励绿色出行。
在我看来，用多变的票价来解决问题是可行的。地铁按里程收费。这样，合理的地铁票价既能有效削减政府补贴，又能让很多乘客依旧使用北京公共交通。
范文点评
1. 开篇简要描述北京市政府改革现有地铁票务体系，提升了票价。
2. 自然过渡，引出提价这一话题激起人们热烈讨论，有人支持，有人反对，紧扣作文话题。
3. 分两个层次、采用对比论证论述话题，恰如其分，条理清晰，同时也体现了论证方法的多样性。
4. 末段首句明确表达自己的观点：用多变的票价来解决问题是可行的。
要点用法
municipal adj. 市政的，市的
subsidy n. 补贴，补助金
counterproductive adj. 适得其反的，反作用的
in favor of 支持，赞同
rising fares 价格上涨
welfare n. 福利
green travel 绿色出行
variable adj. 多变的
句法点评
1. Such a policy has led to a heated debate, with some cheering the policy, while others say it would be counterproductive.
这里提到某一话题引起人们热烈的争论，有人支持，有人反对。这是正反观点的论述文常用的句式。
2. The subway charges passengers according to the length of the trip.
句中使用了很有用的表达according to（根据，依据），表示方式或条件。
一、运用特指的建筑物名称、地名、城市名等进行表述。
1、Garden of Eden 伊甸园
From: The Book of Genesis 《创世纪》
Then the Lord God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to tend and keep it. And the Lord God commanded the man, saying,"Of every tree of good and eveil you may freely eat; but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat of it you shall surely die."3 ]
[喻]人间天堂，乐园
Example: This place is thought the Garden of Eden by youg people.
2、Tower of Babel 巴别塔
From: The Book of Genesis 《创世纪》
So the Lord scattered them abroad from there over the face of all the earth, and they ceased building the city. therefore its name is called Babel, because there the Lord confused the language of th earth; and from there the Lord scattered them abroad over the face of all the earth.
[喻]空想、空中楼阁
Example: They think Mike's plan is the tower of Babel.
3、a land of flowing with milk and honey 流奶与蜜之地
From: The Book of Exodus 《出埃及记》
So I have come down to deliver them out of the hand of the Egyptians, and to bring them up from that land to a good and large land, to a land flowing with milk and honey.7
[喻]富饶之地、鱼米之乡
Example: His hometown is considered to be a nice place, a land flowing with milk and honey.
二、运用特指的日常生活用品进行表述。
1、Aaron's rod 亚伦的杖
From: The Book of Exodus 《出埃及记》
"And you shall write Aaron's name on the rod of Levi, for there shall be one rod of the head of each father's house."'
[喻]大权在握
Example: What do you want if you are given Aaron's rod?
2、a widow's cruse 寡妇的坛子
From: the Book of Kings 《列王记》
And she said,"Your maidservant has nothing in the house, but a jar of oil." Then he(Elisha) said,"Go, borrow vessels from everywhere, from all your neighbors--empty vessels; do not gather just a few. ... then pour it into all those vessels, and set aside the full ones." s#
[喻]貌似有限但取之不竭的财源
Example: In Susan's courtyard, the little well is a widow's cruse, which never dries, even in the severe season of drought.
3、coat of many colors 彩衣
From: The Book of Genesis 《创世记》
Now Israel loved Joseph more than all his children, because he was the son of his old age, and he made him a coat of many colors.
[喻]恩宠
Example: In our classroom, Liu Tao is the one wearing a coat of many colors before our teacher:
三、两种熟悉的事物合用， 表述一种含义。
1、pillar of cloud and pillar of fire 云柱和火柱
From: The Book of Exodus 《出埃及记》
And the Lord went before them by day in a pillar of cloud to lead the way, and by night in a pillar of fire to give them light, so as to go by the day and night.
[喻]指路明灯
Example: Jane regard her teachers as pillars of cloud and pillars of fire in her life.珍妮把她的老师们当作自己人生的指路明灯。
2、loaves and fishes 面包和鱼
From: The Gospel According to John 《约翰福音》
And when they found Him on th other side of the sea, they said to Him,"Rabbi, when did You come here?" Jesus answered them and said,"Most assuredly, I tell you, you seek me, not because you saw signs, but because you ate of the loaves and were filled."-
[喻]物质利益、实惠、好处
Example: They seek office, not to be useful to the state, but for the loaves and fishes.他们谋求工职，不是为了对国家有用，而是为了个人私利。
3、dove and olive leaf 鸽子和橄榄枝
From: The Book of Genesis 《创世纪》
And he waited yet another seven days, and again he sent the dove out from the ark. Then the dove came to him in the evening, and behold, a freshly plucked olive leaf was in her mouth; and Noah knew that the waters had receded from the earth. 1
[喻]和平，和解
Example: They are flying flag of dove and olive leaf instead of war.他们提出要和平，而不是要战争。
关于压力
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on pressure based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then explain how we can handle our pressure properly . You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
审题立意
1. 导语解读：要求考生根据漫画的内容就“压力”这一话题进行简述，并解释如何恰当地应对压力。
2. 漫画解读：图片上是一个人蒙上眼睛，衡量自己的压力大小，其实压力没有想象的那么大。只要恰当地处理，适当的压力也不一定是坏事情。
3. 文章立意：在这个高度竞争的社会，每个人都不可避免地承受着各种压力。其实，压力并不可怕，只要恰当地处理，适当的压力会变成前进的动力。
写作思路
1. 第一段简要描述图画内容，然后提出论点：压力不可避免，必须学会恰当处理。
2. 第二段提出三种恰当应对压力的方法：正确看待压力；找到适合自己的减压方法；学会适当放弃。
3. 第三段呼应文章论点，压力在所难免，要学会应对压力。
参考范文
As the picture above presents, a blindfolded man is trying to measure his pressure. 1 Self-deceptive though he may seem, yet people are actually open to various pressure from the hustle and bustle of modern life in this competitive society. 2 Appropriate pressure can motivate us to make progress, while too much pressure will have harmful effects on our life and work. Since we cannot avoid it, we must learn to handle it positively. 3
Firstly 4 , it is important to have a correct understanding of pressure. Pressure is like a double-edged sword. 5 The key is whether we hold the blade or the handle. We should make full use of it and avoid being hurt by it. Secondly 4 , find your own way of releasing pressure, such as listening to music, writing diaries, chatting with friends, etc. At last 4 , learn to “give up”. Usually the more people want, the more pressure they will get. So sometimes it is wise to learn to give something up.
To sum up, the pressure of life is inevitable, and thus we must learn to handle it effectively. We must have a right understanding of it, find our own way of reducing it and occasionally learn to give something up. 6
如上图所示，一个人蒙上眼睛试图衡量自己的压力大小。他可能看起来有点儿自欺欺人，其实在这个高度竞争的社会，人们不可避免地会受到来自喧嚣的现代生活的压力。适当的压力可以激励我们获取进步，而太多的压力则会有害于我们的生活和工作。既然我们不能避免压力，就必须学会积极地应对它。
首先，正确理解压力非常重要。压力就像一把双刃剑，关键看我们所持的是刀刃还是刀柄。我们应该充分利用压力，避免被划伤。其次，找到自己的减压方式，比如听音乐、写日记、找朋友聊天等。最后，学会“放弃”。通常，人们渴求的越多，压力就越大。因此，有时候学会放弃是明智的。
总而言之，生活中的压力是不可避免的，我们必须学会有效地处理它。我们必须对压力有正确的认识，找到自己的减压方式，学会偶尔放弃一些东西。
范文点评
1. 开篇简要描述图片的内容。
2. 自然过渡，同时引出文章话题：压力不可避免。
3. 首段末句明确表达文章的主旨：必须学会积极地应对压力。
4. 分三个层次论证了自己的观点，论据充分，论证有力。
5. 比喻论证，形象生动，同时也体现了论证方法的多样性。
6. 末段总结全文，重申观点，再次强调要学会恰当合理地应对压力。
要点用法
blindfolded adj. 被蒙住眼睛的
self-deceptive adj. 自欺欺人的
be open to 易受到
hustle and bustle 熙熙攘攘，忙忙碌碌
competitive adj. 竞争的，角逐的
appropriate adj. 适当的，恰当的
motivate v. 激发，使有动机
double-edged sword 双刃剑
release pressure 释放压力
blade n. 刃，锋
inevitable adj. 不可避免的
句法点评
1. Self-deceptive though he may seem, yet people are actually open to various pressure from the hustle and bustle of modern life in this competitive society.
倒装句使句式结构灵活多变，这句话改成正常的语序应该是Though he may seem self-deceptive...。
2. Usually the more people want, the more pressure they will get.
本句采用了“the more ... the more ...”的句型，使得语言简洁但逻辑性强，突出了人们的欲望和压力大小的关系。
关于滥用抗生素
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on abuse of antibiotic based on the picture below. You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
审题立意
1. 导语解读：要求考生根据漫画的内容就“抗生素的滥用”这一话题进行简述，并作适当评论。
2. 漫画解读：图片上画的是超级细菌和抗生素，显然，超级细菌占据上风，并且很得意地宣称：“你的滥用会使我更加强壮”。这警示了人们滥用抗生素带来的严重后果。
3. 文章立意：目前有不少人对抗生素的使用存在误区，认为抗生素是万能的，抗生素越高级越好。其实则不然，过量使用抗生素会对人体造成很多损害，其中超级细菌就是滥用抗生素催生出来的。因此，人们应该合理使用抗生素。
写作思路
1. 第一段简要描述漫画内容，然后提出论点：滥用抗生素会带来严重的后果。
2. 第二段主要通过举例论证的方式阐述滥用抗生素给人们带来的危害，包括副作用、过敏、细菌耐药性增强。
3. 第三段呼应文章论点，提出防止滥用抗生素的有效应对措施。
参考范文
What we can see from the picture is a fight between antibiotic and superbug. Apparently, superbug has the upper hand, saying: “Your abuse will make me stronger.” 1 It obviously implies the grave consequences brought by the abuse of antibiotics. 2
It is true that proper use of antibiotics can help patients treat infections. However, overuse of it will do harm rather than good to people's health. 3 Just as the old saying goes, “All medicines have their own side-effects”. 4 Overusing antibiotics will damage the nervous system, the kidney and blood system. 3 The second harm is that some antibiotics such as penicillin may cause allergies and serious allergies may cause death. 3 Last but not the least, the abuse of antibiotics will strengthen bacterial resistance. If the situation worsened, there would be no medicine available when human beings suffer from infection. 3
In my point of view, effective measures should be taken to prevent the overuse of antibiotics. First, a public education campaign should be launched to arouse people's awareness that antibiotic is not everything. Second, doctors should be more careful in prescribing antibiotics. Third, government should make relevant laws to enhance supervision on the use of antibiotics. 5
我们从图片中看到的是抗生素和超级细菌之间的一场搏斗。显然，超级细菌占据了上风，它说道：“你的滥用会使我更加强壮”。这清晰地表明滥用抗生素带来的严重后果。
固然，恰当使用抗生素能帮助病人治疗感染。然而，过量使用它时会对人的健康有害而不是有益。正如古语所说：“是药三分毒”。过量使用抗生素会损伤神经系统、肾脏、血液系统。第二重危害是有些抗生素如青霉素可能会引起过敏，而严重过敏可能是致命的。最后但同样重要的是，滥用抗生素会增强细菌耐药性。如果这种情况继续恶化下去，人类很可能面临感染时无药可用的境地。
在我看来，应该采取有效措施防止抗生素的滥用。首先，应发起公共教育活动，唤起人们对抗生素的意识：抗生素不是万能的。第二，医生应该慎重开具抗生素的药方。第三，政府应该制定相关法律加强对抗生素药物使用的监管。
范文点评
1. 开篇简要描述图片的内容。
2. 自然过渡，结合图片内容准确传递出这幅漫画的寓意。
3. 明确表达本文的主要观点：过度使用抗生素会对身体健康造成危害，包括副作用、过敏反应、细菌耐药性增强。
4. 通过引用谚语增强说服力，同时也体现了论证方法的多样性。
5. 末段总结全文，提出防止抗生素滥用的三种有效应对措施。
要点用法
antibiotic n. 抗生素
superbug n. 超级细菌
have the upper hand 占上风，占优势
grave consequences 严重后果
kidney n. 肾
penicillin n. 盘尼西林，青霉素
allergy n. 过敏
bacterial resistance 细菌耐药性
available adj. 可得到的，可拿到的
campaign n. 运动，活动
prescribe v. 开（药，处方）
enhance supervision 加强监管
句法点评
1. However, overuse of it will do harm rather than good to people's health.
该句中的并列连词rather than不与would连用，表示客观事实。可以连接名词、代词、形容词、动名词等并列成分。需要注意的是，如果rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应该与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
2. If the situation worsened, there would be no medicine available when human beings suffer from infection.
该句使用了if虚拟条件句，旨在说明如果持续滥用抗生素，人类将面临感染时无药可施的情况。
关于教育公平
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic equal access to education based on the picture below. You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
审题立意
1. 导语解读：要求考生根据漫画的内容就“教育公平”这一话题进行简述，并提出自己的观点。
2. 漫画解读：图片上画了一个天平，一边是山区边远薄弱学校，一边是城区学校，中间是发挥平衡作用的教育公平战略。由此可知，教育公平战略是确保所有孩子享受公平教育的关键。
3. 文章立意：目前，山区边远学校和城区学校的软硬件条件差距还很大，必须通过教育公平战略来确保所有孩子享受公平教育。
写作思路
1. 第一段简要描述漫画内容，然后提出论点：教育公平战略可缩小山区和城区学校存在的差距。
2. 第二段论述公平教育的必要性。
3. 第三段从现实问题出发，提出解决教育差距的方法。
参考范文
From the above picture, we can see a balance; the left side stands for schools in remote mountainous areas and the right side refers to the ones in cities. The lever of the balance represents strategies of equal access to education. 1 How can we ensure an equal access to education? Obviously, it is the strategies of education fairness that can bridge the gaps between schools of mountainous and urban areas. 2
Equal access to education boosts social harmony and development in the course of constructing a harmonious society. Besides, equal access to education is a target of our country's education policies, which aims at ensuring equal opportunities for all to receive education of equal quality. 3
But in reality, there exist differences in the building, the school environment and the faculty between schools of mountainous and urban areas. Education equality problem comes to be sharp and the gap of the education is still big. 4 How can we bridge the gaps between schools of mountainous and urban areas? In my opinion, our governments at various levels should spare no efforts to increase the capital investment in schools of remote rural areas, and construct the teacher training platforms. These are all powerful and effective measures of realizing the fairness in education. 5
从上图我们可以看到一个天平，天平的左边是山区边远学校，天平的右边是城区学校，中间的杠杆是发挥着平衡作用的教育公平战略。如何确保教育公平？显然，教育公平战略可缩小山区和城区学校存在的差距。
公平教育在构建和谐社会的过程中可增加社会和谐度，加快社会的发展。此外，国家教育政策的一个目标就是教育公平，旨在确保所有人都有机会享有同等质量的教育。
但事实上，山区学校和城区学校在校舍、校园环境以及师资力量上存在差异。教育公平问题突显，教育之间的差距还很大。如何填补山区和城区学校存在的差距呢？在我看来，各级政府应该不遗余力地增加对偏远地区学校的资金投入，构建教师培训平台。这些都是实现公平教育强有力的措施。
范文点评
1. 开篇简要描述图片的内容。
2. 以设问的方式引出教育公平主题，紧扣提纲，点明主旨。
3. 从两个层面论述教育公平的必要性。
4. 论述教育中存在的现实差距，为解决问题埋下伏笔。
5. 对如何实现教育公平提出自己的看法。
要点用法
balance n. 天平
mountainous adj. 多山的；山区的
refer to 指的是
lever n. 杠杆
bridge the gaps 缩小差距
spare no efforts 不遗余力
training platform 培训平台
句法点评
1. Obviously, it is the strategies of education fairness that can bridge the gaps between schools of mountainous and urban areas.
该句中使用了强调句型：it is + 被强调部分 + that，突出强调了教育公平战略的重要性，点明主旨。
2. Besides, equal access to education is a target of our country's education policies, which aims at ensuring equal opportunities for all to receive education of equal quality.
该句中包含一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代前面提到的equal access to education。aim at doing sth. 意为“旨在做某事”。
关于学校和生活的区别
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the distinction between school and life by referring to the saying “The difference between school and life? In school, you're taught a lesson and then given a test. In life, you are given a test that teaches you a lesson .” You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
审题立意
1. 导语解读：要求考生根据 “学校和生活有何区别? 在学校，先上课，后测试；生活中，先经受考验，而后得到教训。”这句名言，写一篇关于“学校和生活的区别”的作文，可以举例说明。
2. 文章立意：学校和生活是不同的，相比之下，学校是宽容的，生活是苛刻的。但是正因为这些不同，学校时光才让人如此怀念，我们的人生才变得如此多彩。
写作思路
1. 开篇段落引入名言，指出学校是宽容的，生活是苛刻的。
2. 主体段落深入分析为什么学校和生活有如此大的差别。
3. 结尾段落总结全文，提出自己的观点。
参考范文
There is a saying that goes “The difference between school and life? In school, you're taught a lesson and then given a test. In life, you are given a test that teaches you a lesson.” That is right. School is tolerant but life is harsh. 1
In school, you are a student and your main task is to learn and acquire knowledge. Giving tests is just a measure to see whether you have mastered the knowledge or not. If not, you can make up for it. This method is moderate, and so school is tolerant. 2
Compared to school, life is com-plicated. You are tested on all kinds of abilities, such as viability, sociability, learning ability, capacity for work, etc. There is no rehearsal in life. Every day is a live show. If you succeed, you will harvest joy. If you fail, you will be taught a lesson. So, life is harsh. 2
But because of these differences, school time is so memorable and our life becomes so colorful. So, please cherish school time and don't let it slip idly by; please face life bravely as it is wonderful whether we lose or win. 3
有这样一句名言“学校和生活有何区别？在学校，先上课，后测试；生活中，先经受考验，而后得到教训。”是的，学校是宽容的，生活是苛刻的。
在学校，你是一名学生，你的主要任务是学习并获得知识，测试只是一种手段，看看你对所学知识是否已经掌握。如果没有掌握查漏补缺即可，这种方式是温和的，因此学校是宽容的。
相对于学校，生活是复杂的。生活要检验你的各种能力，如生存能力、社交能力、学习能力、工作能力等。生活没有彩排，每天都是现场直播。成功了收获喜悦，失败了收获教训。因此生活是苛刻的。
但是因为这些不同，学校时光才让人如此怀念，我们的生活才变得如此多彩。那么，请珍惜我们的校园时光，莫让它虚度；请勇敢地面对我们的生活，输赢都很精彩。
范文点评
1. 首句开门见山，直接引入名人名言，提炼出这句名言所要表达的观点，进而引出本文的话题，即学校和生活的区别。
2. 分两个层次深入分析为什么学校和生活有如此大的差别。
3. 文章没有止步于表面，末段对主题作进一步深化和总结，提出了自己的观点。
要点用法
tolerant adj. 宽容的
harsh adj. 苛刻的
make up for 补偿，弥补
moderate adj. 温和的
viability n. 生存能力
sociability n. 社交能力
rehearsal n. 彩排
memorable adj. 难忘的
let...slip idly by 让……虚度
句法点评
1. Giving tests is just a measure to see whether you have mastered the knowledge or not.
if和whether都可以引导宾语从句，但是句中有or not存在的时候只能用whether，不能用if。
2. So, please cherish school time and don't let it slip idly by; please face life bravely as it is wonderful whether we lose or win.
本句使用了whether...or...的结构，意为“无论，不管……还是……”