The history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings．To a large extent，the physical form and the habits of the earth's vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment．Considering the whole span of earthly time，the opposite effect，in which life actually modifies its surroundings，has been relatively slight．Only within the moment of time represented by the present century has one species—man—acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world．
During the last century this power has not only become increasingly great but it has changed in character．The most alarming of all man's assaults upon the environment is the contamination of air，earth，rivers，and sea with dangerous and even lethal materials．This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable．In this now universal contamination of the environment，chemicals are the sinister partners of radiation in changing the very nature of the world the very nature of its life．Chemicals sprayed on croplands or forests or gardens lie long in soil，entering into living organisms，passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death．Or they pass mysteriously by underground streams until they emerge and combine into new forms that kill vegetation，sicken cattle，and work unknown harm on those who drink from once pure wells．“Man can hardly even recognize the devils of his own creation，”as a scientist has said．
It took hundreds of millions of years to produce the life that now inhabits the earth．Given time—time not in years but in millennia—life adjusts，and a balance has been reached．But in the modern world there is no time．
The rapidity of change follows the impetuous pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature．Radiation is now the unnatural creation of man's tampering with the atom．The chemicals are the synthetic creations of man's inventive mind，having no counterparts in nature．
To adjust to these chemicals would require not merely the years of a man's life but the life of generations．And even this，were it by some miracle possible，would be futile ，for the new chemicals come from our laboratories in an endless stream；almost five hundred annually find their way into actual use in the United States alone．Among them are many that are used in man's war against nature．Since the mid 1940's over 200 basic chemicals have been created for use in insects，weeds，and other organisms described as“pests”．
It is not my contention that chemical insecticides must never be used．I do contend that we have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm．We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons，without their consent and often without their knowledge．I contend，furthermore，that we have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect on soil，water，wildlife，and man himself．Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life．
Words and Expressions
- mold vt．塑造；用模子制作
- modify vt．修改，修饰；更改
- assault n．攻击；袭击
- contamination n．污染，玷污；污染物
- lethal adj．致命的，致死的
- sinister adj．阴险的；凶兆的；灾难性的
- impetuous adj．冲动的；鲁莽的；猛烈的
tamper with篡改；胡乱摆弄
- futile adj．无用的；无效的
- contention n．争论，争辩；争夺；论点
- potent adj．有效的；强有力的
- indiscriminately adv．不加选择地；任意地
Read the following sentences：
It is not my contention that chemical insecticides must never be used．I do contend that we have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm．We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons，without their consent and often without their knowledge．I contend，furthermore，that we have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect on soil，water，wildlife，and man himself．Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life．
Translate them into Chinese．
Recite them and try writing them down here．
生存还是毁灭？
地球上生命的历史一直以来就是一部生物与其环境相互作用的历史。在很大程度上，地球上动植物的形态以及习性都是由外部环境所塑造的。就地球时间的整个阶段而言，生命改造环境的反作用实际上一直是相对微小的。在本世纪所代表的时刻，仅仅在出现了生命新物种——人类之后，生命才具有了改造其周围大自然的异常能力。
在上个世纪中，这种力量不仅日趋强大，而且其性质也发生了变化。在人类破坏环境的种种行为中，最令人担忧的是人类向大气、土壤、河流以及海洋中排放危险甚至致命物质，而这种污染在很大程度上是难以恢复的。在当今这种对环境的普遍污染中，化学制品与辐射狼狈为奸，改变着地球的自然状态，也就是改变着地球上生命的自然状态。喷洒到农田、森林或者花园里的化学物质长期滞留于土壤中，渗入有机体内，并在一个引起中毒与死亡的环链中不断传递迁移。化学物质还神秘地通过地下水传递，最终以新的形式出现并结合，使植物毒死，牲畜害病，并使饮用一度纯净的井水的人受到不知不觉的伤害。正如一位科学家所言：“人类恰恰很难辨认创造出的魔鬼。”
地球历经了许多亿年才创造了栖息其上的生命。经过了一定时间——不是以若干年计而是以若干千年计的时间——生命开始调整适应，并形成了一种与环境的平衡。但是现今的世界变化之速已来不及调整。
环境改变的速度不再顺从大自然从容不迫的节奏，而是顺从人类急切匆匆的步伐。辐射是当今人类通过支配原子而得到的一种非自然的创造物。化学物质则是人类有发明创造力的头脑创造出来的合成物，而这些东西在自然界是没有对应物的。
为了适应这些化学制品，人类需要付出的时间不会只是一个人一生的时间，而是几代人的时间。而即使这样，就算出现奇迹成为可能，这种适应也是徒劳的，因为新的化学制品从我们的实验室中源源不断地涌出。仅在美国，每年就有大约500种化学制品投入使用，其中许多是用于人类对自然的战争中。从20世纪40年代中期起，人类已经创造了200多种基本化学制品用来消灭昆虫、野草以及其他所谓的“有害生物”。
我不是说人类决不能使用化学杀虫剂。我要说的是，我们不分青红皂白地将这些有毒的、具有强大生物功能的化学制品，交给了那些对这些制品的潜在危害基本上或者完全无知的人去使用。我们使众多的人接触这些有毒物质，却没有征得他们的同意，并常常将他们蒙在鼓中。我还要说的一点是，我们允许使用这些化学制品，却事先很少或者根本没有调查它们对土壤、水、野生生物以及人类自身造成的影响。我们缺乏对万物赖以生存的自然界生态完整性的关心，对这点，我们的后代是不可能原谅的。