作为及物动词(瞬时动态,即第四类动词):add的基本搭配是 add X to Y
(主语是有意识者,通常是人),即原已有总量Y,现在再在上面加上增量X(主语亦即主动者是人)。
例如:add his name to the list
- 名单上加上他的名字
add fuel to the fire
- 给火增添燃料
We added our voices to the chorus of protest.
- 我们在一片抗议声中也加进去了自己的声音。
We were soaked, added to which, it was starting to snow.
- 我们身上湿透了,而且还开始下雪了。
主语非人时:如果主语不是人,而是新增之物(增量,相当于X)或是使得Y(总量)加大的原因,不说明主动者是谁,则可以简化为 add to Y
。
例如:He is given answers that only add to his confusion.
- 他得到的回答,只是使得他更加莫名其妙。
2005年9月的美国报纸报道新奥尔良水灾后有人趁灾打劫,标题是:Looters Add to Woes
- 抢劫者加重了灾情。
Adding to his problem was that, to achieve anything at all, he had either to subdue those feelings or keep them to himself.
- 问题更大的是,为了办成一点事,他不得不把这些情绪要么压下去,要么藏在自己心里。
增添某种新因素:有时也可以说 add X
(主语可以是主动的人,也可以是原因),Y
(总量)略而不提。
例如:This will add a touch of class.
- 这会增添一点高雅气派。
The west wing was added later.
- 西厢房是后来增建的。
Occasionally, a real fireman would come in to add reality.
- 有时候会有一个真的消防队员前来参加(防火演习),增加真实感。
add up:合起来,可以相当于一个及物动词,也可以相当于一个不及物动词。
例如:I can't get the accounts to add up.
- 账目我怎么也对不起来。
It seems to add up differently every time.
- 每次加起来的总数都不一样。
The bill doesn't add up.
- 账单数目不对头。
转义为“说得通”:Now it adds up!
- 这一来就对头了!
Why would she lie? It doesn't add up.
- 她何必撒谎呢?这不合情理嘛。
Something doesn't add up.
- 事有蹊跷。
例如:Add up all your expenses.
- 把你的开支都加到一起。
We added up the advantages and disadvantages.
- 我们对各种利弊进行了通盘考虑。
You'll find the solution when you add it all up.
- 通盘考虑,就能找出解决办法。
作为及物动词:add up X
或add X up
是“把X加到一起成为一个总数量”或“把X放到一起通盘考虑”(瞬时动词,第四类,主语是人)。
作为不及物动词:add up
意思是“加起来同意料中的总数相符”(延续状态动词,第一类,主语不是人,而是零散的数量)。
add up to:后面有宾语,意思是“加起来成为”、“加起来相当于”、“相当于”(延续状态动词,第一类,主语不是人而是事物)。
例如:Two and two add up to four.
- 二加二得四。
It adds up to quite a lot of money.
- 总数加起来,这笔钱可不小。
I wouldn't say it adds up to treachery.
- 我看还不到背叛这么严重。
It all adds up to a wonderful show.
- 简直是一场精彩的演出。
It doesn't add up to much.
- 没有什么大不了的。
His explanation of the problem adds up to nonsense.
- 他有关问题的说明,简直就是胡说八道。
What their attitude adds up to is an unwillingness to help.
- 他们的态度,概括来说,就是不肯帮忙。