在英语中，语态是描述句子中动作与受动者之间关系的语法形式。主动语态强调主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则强调主语是动作的承受者。被动语态在英语中非常常见，它能够使句子更加客观，有时还能避免直接指出动作的执行者。本节内容将通过一系列例句和练习，帮助我们深入理解被动语态的构成和用法。

<例句>

Such a thing has never been heard of before.

这样的事情以前从来没有听说过。

<语法分析>

带宾语的动词词组，可以由主动语态变为被动语态。双宾动词的两个宾语都可作被动语态的主语，情态动词也可用在被动语态中。含复合宾语的句子在变为被动语态时，只能用宾语不能用补语作被动语态的主语。含宾语从句的复合句一般可变为被动语态，也可用it代替宾语从句作形式主语，变为被动语态。

<触类旁通>

(1) Can this lock be repaired here?

语法分析：情态动词也可用在被动语态中。

(2) A doctor has been sent for.

语法分析：带宾语的动词词组，可以由主动语态变为被动语态。

(3) My sister was given three pencils.

语法分析：双宾动词的两个宾语都可作被动语态的主语。

(4) She was asked when to do the experiment.

语法分析：如直接宾语是疑问代词或疑问副词+动词不定式结构时，一般把间接宾语转为被动语态的主语。

(5) I was asked to make her a new evening dress.

语法分析：含复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，只能用宾语不能用补语作被动语态的主语。

<巩固练习>

(1) The composition must be handed in sometime before Sunday.

(2) These machine's parts may be needed in our work.

(3) Should an article be used there?

(4) The job cannot be done by Tom.

(5) It will be done by me.

(6) You shall be punished.

(7) Such a thing has been heard of before.

(8) A wash was given to the car.

(9) She was called a little girl.

(10) He was found to be a bright pupil.

<参考答案>

(1) be handed

(2) be needed

(3) be used

(4) be done

(5) be done

(6) be punished

(7) has been heard

(8) was given

(9) was called

(10) to be