莎士比亚的《整个世界是个舞台》出自他的悲剧《皆大欢喜》,这是一首非常著名的独白,由角色杰克(Jaques)在第二幕中演讲。这段独白通过比喻的手法,表达了人生的虚幻和戏剧性,强调了人生的短暂和多变。以下是这段独白的原文:
All the world's a stage,
And all the men and women merely players;
They have their exits and their entrances;
And one man in his time plays many parts,
His acts being seven ages.
"整个世界是个舞台,
所有的男男女女仅是演员,
他们都有自己的出场和退场;
一个人在他的时代中扮演着许多角色,
他的行为被分成七个阶段。”
这段独白通过对人生的比喻,揭示了生命的起伏和不确定性。莎士比亚以生动的表达方式,将人生比作一场戏剧,强调了人生的转瞬即逝,以及每个人在生命中扮演不同的角色。这种对人生的诠释深刻而富有启发性,使得这段独白成为了莎士比亚作品中备受瞩目的部分。
这段独白被广泛引用和赞誉,它强调了人生的戏剧性和多样性,反映了人类共同的命运和情感体验。它不仅展现了莎士比亚的卓越的文学才华,也使得读者和观众得以思考和感悟人生的深层意义。
All the world's a stage,
And all the men and women merely players.
They have their exits and their entrances;
And one man in his time plays many parts,
His acts being seven ages. At first the infant,
Mewling and puking in the nurse's arms.
And then the whining school-boy, with his satchel
And shining morning face, creeping like snail
Unwillingly to school. And then the lover,
Sighing like furnace, with a woeful ballad
Made to his mistress' eyebrow. Then a soldier,
Full of strange oaths and bearded like the pard;
Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel,
Seeking the bubble reputation
Even in the cannon's mouth. And then the justice,
In fair round belly with good capon lined,
With eyes severe and beard of formal cut,
Full of wise saws and modern instances;
And so he plays his part. The sixth age shifts
Into the lean and slipper'd pantaloon,
With spectacles on nose and pouch on side;
His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide
For his shrunk shank; and his big manly voice,
Turning again toward childish treble, pipes
And whistles in his sound. Last scene of all,
That ends this strange eventful history,
Is second childishness and mere oblivion,
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.
Excerpt From As You Like It, Act Ⅱ. Sc. 7 By William Shakespeare
[参考译文]
整个世界是个舞台
威廉·莎士比亚
大千世界是个舞台,
所有男男女女不外是演员;
各有登场和退场,
一生扮演着那么些角色,
七样年龄分七幕。首先是婴儿,
在奶妈怀中啼哭着、呕吐着。
接着是狼嚎着的小学生,背着书包,
挂着洁亮晨光的面孔,像蜗牛般
勉强爬行上学。跟着是情人,
叹息熔炉,专为情妇的
娥眉作悲歌。随后是士兵,
胡子像豹的,满是新奇的骂人话,
吵架时鲁莽冲动,却热衷荣誉,
追求那泡沫的名声
连火炮口也不怕。然后是法官,
那好圆的肚子用上等的阉鸡填满,
眼色严峻,胡须正经,
多的是智慧的格言、日常的事例
演着自己。第六样年龄
化作瘦削的、穿便鞋的傻老头,
鼻子戴眼镜,身边挂钱袋;
年轻时的裤,好好储存了,已太宽松,
穿在萎缩了的小腿上;雄壮的嗓子
转向小孩的高音,听来
像打呼哨。最后的一场戏
结束这变化莫测的戏剧的一场
是再来的幼稚、全然的健忘,
没牙齿、没眼力、没口味、没一切。
[注释]
-infant [ˈɪnfənt] n. 婴儿 a baby
-mewl [mju:l] v. 啜泣 to cry weakly; whimper
-puke [pjuːk] v. 呕吐 vomit
-whining [ˈwaɪnɪŋ] v. 尖声哭叫 to utter with a plaintive sound
-satchel [ˈsætfəl] n. 书包,小背包
-snail [sneɪl] n. 蜗牛,迟钝的人 a slow-moving, lazy, or sluggish person
-pard [paːd] n. 豹 a leopard
-bubble [ˈbʌbl] n. 泡沫,幻想的计划 a fantastic or impracticable idea or belief; an illusion
-belly [ˈbelɪ] n. 腹部,胃 the stomach
-capon [ˈkeɪpən] n. (公)鸡(尤指养肥供食用的)
slipper'd : 拖鞋 wearing slippers
-pantaloon [ˌpæntəˈluːn] n. 傻老头 a stock character
-spectacles [ˈspektək(ə)lz] n. 眼镜 a pair of glasses
-pouch [paʊtʃ] n. 小袋,烟草袋
-hose [həʊz] n. (旧时男子穿的)紧身裤
-shrunk [ʃrʌŋk] v. (shrink的过去分词)收缩,(使)皱缩,缩短 dwindled
-shank [ʃæŋk] n. 胫,腿骨
-treble [ˈtrebl] n. 童声高音 a high, shrill sound or voice
-oblivion [əˈblɪvɪən] n. 遗忘,湮没 the condition or quality of being completely forgotten
sans [sænz] prep. 没有 without
[作者简介]
威廉·莎士比亚(William Shakespeare, 1564-1616),16世纪后半叶17世纪初英国最著名的作家(本·琼斯称他为“时代的灵魂”),也是欧洲文艺复兴时期人文主义文学的集大成者。他共写有37部戏剧,154首十四行诗,两部长诗和其他诗歌。十四行诗多采用连续性的组诗形式,主题是歌颂友谊和爱情。莎士比亚被马克思誉为“人类最伟大的戏剧天才”。
莎士比亚的喜剧《皆大欢喜》对世界文学和戏剧产生了深远的影响。
1. 文学影响:《皆大欢喜》作为莎士比亚最受欢迎和传播最广泛的喜剧作品之一,影响力巨大。该剧中展现出的丰富多彩的人物形象、严密的情节设计以及充满智慧和幽默的语言,对后世文学作品产生了深远的影响,成为了后世喜剧文学的经典范本。
2. 戏剧影响:《皆大欢喜》不仅在文学领域产生了影响,在戏剧表演和创作方面也有重要地位。该剧的情节构思、人物塑造和对话语言等方面的精湛表现,为后世戏剧创作者提供了宝贵的借鉴和启发,许多戏剧作品都受到了其影响。
3. 社会影响:《皆大欢喜》所包含的对人性、爱情、友谊等主题的深刻探讨,使得该剧不仅在文学艺术领域产生了影响,也对人们的思想、情感和价值观产生了深远的影响。它通过对社会生活的描绘和对人性的观察,帮助人们更好地理解和认识自己、他人和世界。