A 2009 study published in the Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health found that skilled agricultural and fishery workers, plant and machine operators, and assemblers and technicians were among those who reported higher rates of frostbite in their line of work. However, cases of frostbite weren't only found to be correlated with work conditions. Rather, a connection between frostbite and leisure time was also observed. Whether for work or play, spending extended periods of time outside in the wind and cold — especially without proper clothing protection — can greatly increase one's chances for frostbite. In such instances, how much time can pass before signs of frostbite begin to set in?

2009年发表在《斯堪的纳维亚工作、环境与健康杂志》上的一项研究发现，熟练的农业和渔业工人、工厂和机器操作员、装配工和技术人员在其工作岗位上冻伤的发生率较高。然而，研究发现冻伤病例不仅与工作条件有关。相反，冻伤和休闲之间也有关系。无论是工作还是娱乐，长时间暴露在寒风中——尤其是没有适当的衣物保护——会大大增加一个人被冻伤的几率。如果在这种情况下，要过多久才会开始出现冻伤的迹象呢?

Frostbite tends to emerge in specific areas of the body. Researchers from a 1995 study published in The British Medical Journal examined risk factors that most contributed to cases of frostbite in over 900 young Finnish men. These patients had incurred cases of frostbite of the head and had been in need of medical care in comparison to more than 2,400 patients who had not suffered frostbite. They found that 58% of frostbite injuries were seen on the ears, while 22% were observed on the nose. The cheeks and other facial areas accounted for 20% of frostbite cases.

冻伤往往出现在身体的特定部位。1995年发表在《英国医学杂志》上的一项研究中，研究人员调查了900多名芬兰年轻男性中导致冻伤的主要风险因素。与2400多名未患冻伤的患者相比，这些患者出现了头部冻伤病例，需要医疗护理。他们发现，58%的冻伤发生在耳朵上，22%发生在鼻子上，20%发生在脸颊和其他面部区域。

The study findings showed cases were often linked to risk factors such as not wearing a scarf or hat with earflaps, being sensitive to the cold, sweating of the hands and feet, and traveling in open automobiles in windy weather.

研究结果显示，这些病例通常与风险因素有关，如不戴围巾或带耳罩的帽子、对寒冷敏感、手脚出汗以及在大风天气乘坐敞篷汽车。

How quickly frostbite can set in depends on the outdoor temperature. For example, it takes roughly a half-hour for frostbite to occur at 0 degrees Fahrenheit or below . At -15 degrees Fahrenheit, however, it takes half that time, with frostbite potentially occurring in as little as 15 minutes, particularly when wind is present.

冻伤发生的速度取决于室外温度。例如，在0华氏度或更低的温度下，大约需要半个小时才会出现冻伤。然而，在零下15华氏度的情况下，只需要一半的时间，仅仅15分钟内就会出现冻伤，特别是有风的时候。

To help reduce your chances of getting frostbite, it's important to practice prevention ahead of time before braving the cold. On particularly frigid, damp, or windy days, be sure to keep time spent outdoors short. When stepping foot outside, layer up with a wool hat that fits snuggly over the ears, as well as several layers of warm, roomy clothing that won't trap moisture, such as a windproof or waterproof jacket. Don't forget socks either. Pro tip: Make sure they're not too snug, as this can reduce blood flow. If there's enough room, consider slipping in some foot warmers too. Lastly, opt for mittens over gloves for optimal protection.

为了减少被冻伤的几率，在冒着严寒出门之前，提前做好预防工作是很重要的。在特别寒冷、潮湿或有风的日子里，一定要缩短在户外的时间。出门时，戴上一顶紧贴耳朵的羊毛帽，再穿几层保暖、宽敞、不会吸潮的衣服，比如防风或防水夹克。也别忘了袜子。专业建议：确保衣物不要太紧，因为这样会减少血液流动。如果有足够的空间，可以考虑放一些暖脚器。最后，连指手套比分指手套更具保暖性。