读句子学语法:不定式的用法

英语作文    发布时间:2024-07-29  
划词翻译

在学习不定式的用法时,我们需要注意其在句子中的多种功能,从充当谓语、主语到修饰整个句子的状语等。通过这些例句和语法分析,我们能更好地理解不定式在英语语法中的灵活运用和重要性。

  <例句>

  She didn't know whether to laugh or to cry.

  她感觉真是啼笑皆非。

  <语法分析>

  不定式有时和连接代词或副词一起构成宾语。在这个句子里,不定式就是这种用法。所谓不定式有两种形式,即带to的不定式和不带to的不定式。不定式在多数情况下都带to,不带to的不定式和动词原形相同。不定式在句子里可以充当很多成分,如充当句子的谓语、主语、宾语、定于、状语和表语等。它毕竟还是动词,因此具有动词的某些特征,如它可以有自己的宾语和状语共同构成不定式短语,它也可以有自己的逻辑主语。

  <触类旁通>

  (1) Will you please call back again in a little while?

  请过一会儿再打电话好吗?

  语法分析:不带to的不定式和助动词共同构成句子的谓语。

  (2) She is said to have been to Canada many times.

  据说她曾经多次去过加拿大。

  语法分析:不定式和某些被动结构在句子里构成复合谓语。

  (3) It is so good to talk to you.

  和你谈话真好。

  语法分析:it作先行主语后面的不定式是真正的主语,这样可以使主语避免显得过长,常见的这类句子结构有it+be+形容词+不定式, it+名词或动词+不定式以及it+be+介词短语+不定式等。

  (4) I asked her to convey my best wishes to her mother.

  我请她向她的母亲问好。

  语法分析:“名词或代词+不定式”的形式跟在动词后面可以在句子中做复合宾语,这样的动词有很多。

  (5) Did you see anyone enter the office?

  你看见什么人进办公室了吗?

  语法分析:在诸如see, hear, let, watch, notice, have, fell等某些动词后面可以跟不带to的不定式,构成句子的复合宾语。

  (6) She's a nice person, to be sure.

  可以肯定,她是个好人。

  语法分析:不定式修饰整个句子,因而称之为句子状语。

  <巩固练习>

  1. She likes to half _____[close] his eyes.

  2. I told him to stay at home and _____[wait] till I came back.

  3. She was sent abroad _____[educate].

  4. The baby seemed _____[dream].

  5. She was known _____[work] for the International Olympic Committee.

  6. Would you like something _____[drink]?

  7. It isn't right _____[waste] so much money on it.

  <参考答案>

  1. close 2. wait 3. to be educated 4. to be dreaming 5. to have worked 6. to drink 7. to waste