Smith was familiar with rampant speculation , or " overtrading " as he politely called it .
斯密对疯狂的投机非常熟悉,他客气地称之为“过度交易”。
Most undercapitalized traders destroy themselves by overtrading , trying to squeeze unrealistic returns from their tiny accounts .
大部分资金不多的交易者因为过度交易毁了自己,因为他们想用小账户赚不实际的回报。
That 's because overconfidence can lead to overtrading , which studies have shown leads to individual investors drastically underperforming the market .
研究显示因为过度自信而导致超额交易,使散户彻底迷失市场。
When companies start growing again they suddenly need more working capital : they risk falling into the trap of overtrading , the bank warned .