了解英语基本句型是学习英语的基础。初中英语中，掌握不同句型的结构对正确表达思想至关重要。以下将详细介绍五种基本句型结构，并提供示例以帮助更好地理解和应用这些句型。
根据句子所用动词的不同，句子可归纳为五个基本句型。
主语+连系动词+表语 例如：
My mother is a doctor.
Her voice sounds nice.
主语+不及物动词 例如：
He runs fast.
We study hard.
主语+及物动词+宾语 例如：
Children often sing this song.
He studies English.
Stop的用法同上面的词相仿，不过stop后面跟不定式不是作宾语，而是作状语。试比较下列句子：
I like to swim in summer.
I like swimming in summer.
He stopped to smoke. 他停下来吸烟。
He stopped smoking. 他停止吸烟了。
Please remember to post the letter for me.
I remember posting the letter.
Where do wish to sit?
Tom agreed to lend some money.
She enjoys reading novels and swimming.
I finished reading the book last night.
有些及物动词的宾语，既可用不定式，又可用-ing形式，意义基本相同。这类动词常见的有：like, love, hate, begin, start, continue等。例如：
有些及物动词既可用不定式，又可用-ing形式作宾语，但意义不同。这类动词常见的有：remember, forget等。例如：
常用不定式，而不用-ing形式作宾语的动词有：wish, hope, agree, plan, decide, refuse等。例如：
常用-ing形式，而不用不定式作宾语的动词有：enjoy, finish, feel like, consider, practise, keep, suggest, mind等。例如：
主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 例如：
My father bought me a new bike.
He gave me an apple.
Would you lend me your dictionary, please? = Would you lend your dictionary to me, please?
Tom's mother bought him a pair of new shoes. = Tom's mother bought a pair of new shoes for him.
Please pass me a cup of tea. = Please pass a cup of tea to me.
Show me your new book, please. = Please show your new book to me.
把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，间接宾前有时加介词to，有时加介词for，这主要取决于谓语动词。一般在动词give, tell, sell, lend, show之后加to。在动词buy, make, get等之后加for。例如：
及物动词之后跟有双宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物。指人的为间接宾语，指物的为直接宾语。一般情况下，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。如果要把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，间接宾语前需加介词。例如：
主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 例如：
We keep our classroom clean and tidy.
I hear someone singing in the next room.
I saw him go into the room.
He was seen to go into the room.
I heard him sing that song. (我听他唱过那首歌。)
When I came back, I heard him singing in the room. (我回来时，听见他正在房间里唱歌。)
We call him Jack.
Don't get your hands dirty.
在感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, listen to, look at使役动词let, make, have等的复合宾语中，不定式须省去to。但变为被动句时，省去的to要加上。例如：
在及物动词之后，用不定式作宾语补足语和用-ing形式作宾语补足语表示的意思往往不同。用不定式作宾语补足语指事情的全过程；用-ing形式作宾语补足语指正在进行的动作的一部分。例如：
及物动词指后跟有复合宾语，一个是宾语，一个是宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。例如：