“According as” 的用法解析

定义与区别

• According to：介词短语，后面引入名词成分。

• According as：连词短语，后面引入从句。

尽管“according as”有些人认为不规范，但在莎士比亚和《圣经》中都有使用实例。

示例

• 莎士比亚：
  Is all things well, according as I gave directions?
  （一切都妥当，都照我吩咐的那样吗？）

• 《圣经》：
  ... the land which the Lord will give you according as he hath promised...
  （耶和华按着所应许赐给你们的那地…）

由此可见，“according as” 意思是“按照”，后面接的内容可以是多变的。

更多示例

1. Each of us will give according as we're able.
   （我们每人都会量力而行，作出贡献。）

2. Behold, I come quickly, and my reward is with me, to give every man according as his works shall be.
   （看那！我必快来。赏罚在我，要照各人所行的报应他。）

3. ... and distribution was made unto every man according as he had need.
   （…照各人所需的，分给各人。）

4. In like manner, again, according as the ulterior development of the representation varies, so does the whole development of the man vary.
   （同样，表象的进一步发展情况不同，这个人的进一步发展也就随之而不同。）

用法的扩展
“According as” 还可以表示两个意思（用“or”连接），即“按照X或Y的不同而有所变化”。

示例

1. Whether a human act is meritorious or demeritorious before God according as it is good or evil?
   （人的行为是否因善恶而在上帝面前为功或为过？）

2. According as actual loss to the injured party following upon the act of the wrong-doer is or is not essential to its tortuous character.
   （要看加害方的行为是否使受害方蒙受的实际损失对于侵权行为的性质是否至关重要。）

3. According as the representation is distinct or confused; according as it concentrates in itself a larger or smaller number of the characters of an object; according as it is violent or tranquil, so are all the operations of the human machine entirely transformed.
   （表象可能清晰或模糊；它可能集中大量或较少的特征；它可能猛烈或平和，因此人类的一切运作完全被改造。）

进一步的多重用法
在某些情况下，“according as” 可以引入两个以上的意思（用“or”连接）。

示例
It (=the lever) is usually named as the first of the six mechanical powers, and is of three kinds, according as either the fulcrum F, the weight W, or the power P, respectively, is situated between the other two.
（杠杆通常列为六种机械力的首位，分为三类，视支点F、阻力点W和力点P哪一个在其他两者中间。）