在日常英语中，准确地表达时间、数量和程度是非常重要的，这不仅有助于清晰地传达信息，还能避免误解。了解如何用不同的方式表示约数、倍数以及比较，可以提升我们使用语言的灵活性和准确性。本文将探讨几种常见的表示方式，包括用“or so”表示大约，用“over”表示超过，以及用“twice as”表示倍数等。这些语法知识不仅对学术写作有帮助，在日常交流中同样重要。

<例句>

In the past thirty years or so, scientists have been able to “see” farther and farther into sky.

在过去三十年左右的时间里，科学家已可以观测到越来越远的太空。

<语法分析>

有关约数的表示法， or so表示“左右”，“大约”可以用about, nearly, some 和 around等表示，用over, more long 可以表示“多余、超过”的意思。用or more和or less 来表示“或......以上”和“或......以下”的意思。基数词常位于another和all后面，such和more的前面，可以谓语last, next和other的前面或后面。

<触类旁通>

(1) The pig weights abouts 60 pounds.

这头猪大约60磅重。

语法分析：用about, nearly, some和around等词表示“大约”。

(2) The road is over 3,000 meters long.

这条路有3000多米长。

语法分析：用over, more long可以表示“多于、超过”等意思。

(3) He is less than fifteen years old.

他不到15岁。

语法分析：“少于、不超过”用less than 表示。

(4) This room is twice as big as that one.

这个房间的大小是那个房间的两倍。

语法分析：主语 + 谓语 + 倍数或分数 + as + 形容词 + as 句式表示倍数。

(5) I offer ten times the amount of money that he has borrowed.

我愿出十倍于他借的钱。

语法分析：主语 + 谓语 + 倍数或分数 + as + the size + of 句式表示倍数。

(6) Line A is four times longer than Line B.

线A比线B长4倍。

语法分析：主语 + 谓语 + 倍数或分数 + 形容词或副词比较级 + than句式表示倍数。

<巩固练习>

(1) The hall can hold 100 people _____ more.

(2) There are 1,000 workers _____ less in our factory.

(3) I have four times _____ many books as you.

(4) We shall produce twice as much gram _____ we did in last year.

(5) The length of this rope is three times the _____ of that one.

(6) She has four times _____ money than I have.

(7) The grain output is 5 percent higher this year _____ than of last year.

(8) The production of iron has been increased _____ five times this year.

<参考答案>

(1) or (2) or (3) as (4) as (5) length (6) more (7) than (8) by