Melatonin influences the release of endogenous opioid peptides in rat periaqueductal gray .
褪黑素对大鼠中脑导水管周围灰质内阿片肽释放的影响。
The study notes : " women get more relief from the opioid painkiller nalbuphine9 compared to men , whereas in men morphine is more effective and nalbuphine actually increases the pain intensity . "
Chronic opioid use is a risk factor for the development of central sleep apnea and ataxic breathing .
长期使用阿片类药物是中枢型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征和共济失调性呼吸的危险因素。
At around the same time , drug companies , led by purdue pharma , the manufacturer of the leading opioid painkiller oxycontin , embarked on a massive marketing push .
与此同时,以主流阿片类止痛药奥施康定的制造商普度制药为首的制药公司推动了药物的大规模市场倾销。
Beta endorphin is a naturally occurring opioid neurotransmitter which has an affinity for the same receptor that is accessed by heroin and other opiates .
β-内啡肽是一种自身产生的类吗啡神经递质,它与吗啡及其他镇静剂结合的相同受体有亲和力。
For these conditions , increasing the opioid dose usually helps relieve pain .