A california doctor named lawrence craven first noted this effect sixty years ago .
加州劳伦斯医生名为克雷文首先指出六十年前的这个效果。
Nato was meant to operate as a collective ; but in the face of the west 's craven failure to end the bosnian war , mr holbrooke had more or less singlehandedly decided to play hardball with the serbs .