灵感与行动的关系
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on inspiration and action by referring to the remark “We should be taught not to wait for inspiration to start a thing. Action always generates inspiration. Inspiration seldom generates action. ” You can cite examples to illustrate your point and then explain what you will do to develop your inspiration and how you can make use of your inspiration . You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
审题立意
1. 导语解读：要求考生就题目中给定的话语“我们应该学会不要等有了灵感才开始做事。行动总会产生灵感,而灵感很少会产生行动。”进行简评，引出“灵感和行动”这一话题并进行论述。
2. 文章立意：我们做事情必须先付诸行动,而不是坐等灵感出现才去行动，只有行动中产生的灵感才更有利于事情的完成。
写作思路
1. 第一段简述题目中话语的含义，然后提出论点：行动比灵感更重要。
2. 第二段通过对比论证的方式阐述行动比灵感重要的原因：是行动促使我们达到目标、实现梦想。如果只是坐等灵感出现，则会错失良机。
3. 第三段通过引用名言“天才就是1%的灵感加上99%的汗水”再次强调行动比灵感更重要这一论点，呼应文章论点。
参考范文
“We should be taught not to wait for inspiration to start a thing. Action always generates inspiration. Inspiration seldom generates action.” The statement means that if we want to start something, we should take action instead of waiting for inspiration to start it. 1 It is obvious that action is more important than inspiration. 2
Action will enable us to achieve our objectives more smoothly and realize our dreams more rapidly. The more action we take, the more likely we are to get inspiration. More importantly, inspiration we get in practice will equip us with better ideas to take active action and get things well done. In this way, we accumulate experience, master skills and get close to our destination. 3 If we just wait for inspiration to start a thing instead of taking action, we may lose an opportunity. 3
Inspiration is not a decisive factor for success. Just as Edison's famous remark goes, “Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.” Therefore, success lies in perspiration from the action you take instead of inspiration you get. 4
“我们应该学会不要等有了灵感才开始做事。行动总会产生灵感,而灵感很少会产生行动。”这句话意思是说，如果想要开始做一件事情，我们应该采取行动，而不是等有了灵感才去做这件事。显然，行动比灵感更重要。
行动让我们能够更顺畅地达成目标，更快地实现梦想。我们采取的行动越多，就越有可能获得灵感。更重要的是，实践中得到的灵感会让我们得到更好的想法，从而采取积极的行动把事情做好。这样，我们积累了经验，掌握了技巧，离我们的目标也近了。如果我们坐等灵感而不采取行动，我们可能就会失去机遇。
灵感不是成功的决定性因素。正如爱迪生的名言所说：“天才就是1%的灵感加上99%的汗水。”因此，成功在于你行动中付出的汗水，而不是你获得的灵感。
范文点评
1. 开篇简述给定话语的含义。
2. 自然过渡，结合话语含义提出文章论点：行动比灵感更重要。
3. 从灵感与行动之间关系的角度论证自己的观点。
4. 末段总结全文，引用名人名言指出成功的决定因素在于行动中付出的汗水，而不是灵感。
要点用法
inspiration n. 灵感；妙计
take action 采取行动
objective n. 目的；目标
smoothly adv. 平稳地；流畅地
accumulate v. 积累
destination n. 目的地，终点
decisive adj. 决定性的
perspiration n. 汗水；努力
句法点评
1. It is obvious that action is more important than inspiration.
句中用了It is obvious that...的主语从句结构，该结构在表明观点时经常用到。
2. Therefore, success lies in perspiration from the action you take instead of inspiration you get.
该句中lie in表示“在于……”；instead of连接两个并列成分，the action you take和inspiration you get，二者的核心部分均为名词，且分别被省略了关系代词that的定语从句you take和you get所修饰。
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essaycommenting on the saying “If you cannot do great things, do small things in agreat way. ” You can give one example or two to illustrate your point of view.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
预测范文
Success is something that many people strive for, but that not everyoneamong us attains. When we consider the various factors that play a role indetermining whether a person is successful in life, ambition and action are twoof the first to come to mind. Just as American writer Napoleon Hill put it, “Ifyou cannot do great things, do small things in a great way. ”
To illustrate, a young person who aspires to be a great chef might decideto buy some cookbooks, spend weekends practicing and refining his culinarytechniques, or take on a part-time job at a local restaurant. On the other hand,if he simply ends up spending all his spare time surfing the Internet or playingvideo games, neither of which would give him the skills or experience needed tosucceed.
In conclusion, doing great things and doing small things are both essentialin determining whether we flourish or fall behind. The former gives us the driveand direction to move forward, while the latter enables us to implement ourvision and “make things happen”. In combination, they represent the winningformula that will put us firmly on the road to success.
参考译文
成功是许多人所追求的目标，但这个目标非每个人都能实现。在考虑到决定一个人是否成功的因素时，我们最先想到的两个因素世雄心与行动。正如美国作家拿破仑希尔所说：“如果你不能做伟大的事情，那就以伟大的方式做小事。”
可以给出无数的例子，但这个就足够了。一个渴望成为伟大厨师的人，或许会决定买一些烹饪书籍，或是把整个周末的时间用于改造自己的烹调技巧，亦或是在当地的一家餐馆里从事一份兼职工作。相反，如果他只是将所有的闲暇时间用于上网或玩电子游戏，这些都不能为他带来成功所需的技巧或经验。
总之，做大事和做小事都是决定我们成功与否的重要因素。前者给与我们前进的动力和方向，后者使我们能够积极主动地实现愿望。而把两种因素结合起来，才是我们走上成功之路的秘诀。
道长点评
本题要求评论美国作家NapoleonHill的一句名言：“如果你不能做伟大的事情，那就以伟大的方式做小事。”并要求举出一到两个例子支持你的观点。显而易见，本题考查做小事的重要性。本题第一段应该通过做大事和做小事的关系引出主题;第二段可以进行举例论证，列举自己身边的例子或社会热点例子来支持自己的观点，如雷锋、焦裕禄等等;第三段可以进行归纳结论或提出建议措施：大部分人都没有做大事的可能性，但细心做好每件小事就是成功。
亮点词汇
attain实现
consider考虑
various各种
factor因素
play a role发挥作用
determine决定
whether是否
ambition雄心
action行动
come to mind想到
to illustrate例如
aspire渴望
chef厨师
refine改造
culinary technique烹调技巧
take on a part-time job兼职打工
local restaurant当地餐馆
on the other hand另一方面
end up最终
spare time花费业余时间
playing video games玩电子游戏
in conclusion总之
essential 重要的
flourish成功
fall behind失败
the former前者
drive动力
move forward前进
the latter 后者
enable使能够
implement实现
vision愿望
in combination结合起来
represent代表
firmly坚定地
句型拓展
1.Superficially, it seems to be somewhat reasonable, but when weighing inthe mind, we find there is an apparent tendency underlying this phenomenon: thelack of confidence. 表面上看，这幅图画似乎有一些道理，但当我们仔细思考时，我们就会发现在这个现象之下有一个明显的趋势：缺乏自信。
2.Assuming bravery and confidence to solve the problem, you will find thequestion is not as “huge” as you imagine. 拥有勇气和信心来解决问题，你就会发现问题并非你想象的那么“严重”。
3.So, with confidence and the right assessment of the difficulties, try andexert our strength, and then we will overcome all problems.因此，拥有信心和对困难的正确估计，并且竭尽全力，我们就将解决所有的问题。
Recently，more and more people are inclined to think too much , but do so little.Some people always make firm decision while never take any action to move towards their goals.It is difficult to the point of impossibility to imagine that one could get what he wants simply by thinking rather than acting.
There are two causes for this social phenomenon.To begin with , to dream takes little effort but to action is more tired.In addition , the problem correlates strongly with the societal environment at large , with the stress from the society,many people seem to lack the confidence to face the difficulties , they always postpone their planes.
You reap what you sow.Each of us should join in the tide of promoting actions.A person's ability is finally recognized by his achievements instead of his ability of dream.
Advantages of Travel
参考范文：
Travel is beneficial to us in at least three ways. First, by traveling we can enjoy the beautiful scenery in different places. We will see with our own eyes many places read of in books, and visit some famous cities and scenic spots.
Second, we will meet people with different interests and see strange and different things when we travel. We can get ideas of the conditions and customs of other people, taste different foods and local flavours if we like. In this way, we can understand how differently other people live.
Third, travel will not only help us to gain knowledge of geography and history and other knowledge, which will arouse our deep love for our motherland, but also will help us keep healthy and make u s less narrow-minded . Travel does benefit us both mentally and physically .
With all these advantages of travel, it is no wonder that travel has now become more popular than ever in China.
1.近年来国学变得越来越流行
2.出现这种现象的原因
3.我对这种现象的看法
范文：
Sinology
In recent years, Sinology, the study of Chinese traditional culture, literature, history, society etc, has become increasingly popular. For instance, it is reported that many primary and secondary schools have set up courses of sinology, in which students are taught classical works by Chinese ancient educators and philosophers, like Confucius- Another good illustration is in the program CCTV Lecture Room famous scholars, e.g, Yu Dan, give lectures on Chinese ancient philosophies and literatures.
Sinology becomes prevalent due to the fact that it is of vital significance for both the individuals and the society. For one thing, Sinology is the essence of Chinese civilization with more than 5,000 years. Thus, for individuals, they can enlarge their scope of knowledge, enrich their experience and adapt themselves to the complicated society. For another, it is acknowledged that the rehabilitation of Sinology can contribute to the establishment of a harmonious society.
In my opinion, all Chinese people should inherit the merits of Sinology. To do so, we can read books by ourselves or to attend lectures on this issue. Besides, we have the obugation to popularize introducing it to the world. By doing so, we can not only inherit it but also make it glorious and prosperous.
Why Blue Jeans Popular?牛仔裤为什么流行?
Everywhere you go, you'll see people, male or female, old or young, wearing jeans. Indeed, jeans have grown more and more popular since the first pair was born. In newspapers and magazines or on TV you often come across such ads as "Buy these jeans they are cheap. Buy them — they are hardwea ring. Buy them — they are comfortable." I think there is no cheating in these ads.
In the first place, jeans are so cheap that almost everyone can afford to buy a pair, especially for students and wage-earners. No one would not pay less and get more.
That jeans wear well and wash well is their second superiority to other kinds of trousers. Wherever you go and whatever you do, you'll find jeans your good companion. Made of pure cotton, jeans are very comfortable. What is more, they produce a good image and make you look casual, sporty, tough, elegant, and sophisticated.
Modern fashions come and go quickly, but, thanks to Levi Strauss, jeans alwaysr emain people's first choice.
本文是一篇说明文, 是一篇三段式作文。第一段说明牛仔裤流行的现象, 并以三句广告词说出流行的原因, 即三大特点———价廉、耐穿和舒适。第二段中有三小段, 分述上述三大特点, 并加上评论。在最后一小段中自然地补充了牛仔裤其他特点, 使论述内容更加丰富。结尾段只有一句, 但简练且总结性强。
CET6六级作文万能句型：
see...+ ing 看到……做某事
There is no cheating in these ads. 这些广告并没有欺骗。
wage-earner n. 工薪阶层
No one would not pay less and get more. 人人都愿要价廉物美。( 本句中用了双重否定的表达)
wear well and wash well 耐穿耐洗
produce a good image 产生一好的形象
sporty a. 如运动员
tough a. 坚韧
elegant a. 文雅
sophisticated a. 成熟
In the first place, their second superiority, made of cotton此乃本文中用以表达第一、第二、第三的词语, 这样的写法可学习模仿
Modern fashions come and go quickly. 现 代时装变化很快。
remain people's first choice 始终是人们的首选
Levi Strauss 牛仔裤的创始人
Travel by Bike自行车旅行
There are many ways of traveling. People may t ravel by plane if they want to t ravel far and reach their destination in a shorter time. I t is the most comfor table but expensive way. Most people travel by train because it is a less expensive way but the compar tments are cramped and stuffy. Bus journey is a cheaper way but it is spent on narrow, bumpy roads which are crowded with traffic. Trips by ship may be the cheapest and most comfortable way but it takes too much time.
I like traveling by bike. I can set out when I like and stop when I like. I can go wherever I like so that I can enjoy delightful spots rarely visited by other travelers. When I feel tired, I sit down by the bike and have a good rest. Besides, I can save much money for tickets and much time in waiting for thet rain or bus. I can cover more places by riding a bike than going on foot.
Traveling by bike is good to health. It is really a sort of good exercise to st rengthen one's muscles and to test one's will. Moreover, it brings no pollution to the air. So it helps to clean the atmosphere.
CET6六级作文结构分析：
旅游的方式有多种
* Plane
* Train
* Bus
* Ship
·我爱骑车出游
* Convenient
* Accessible to any place
* Save money and time
·骑车出游有益健康
* Strengthen one's will
* Test one's will
* No pollution
CET6六级作文内容分析：
本文是一篇简单的议论文, 文中首先列举了多种交通工具并说明优缺点, 然后落实到作者自己的喜好———骑车出游, 接着说出喜好的理由。最后一段为总结。本文篇幅不长, 但层次清楚, 又很连贯, 每一段的第一句均为主题句, 段中意思统一, 不跑题。本文应是一篇四级作文。
CET6六级作文万能句型：
destination n. 目的地
compartment n. 车厢
cramped and stuffy 拥挤
narrow, bumpy roads 狭窄而颠簸的路面
set out 出发
strengthen one's muscle and test one's will 增强体魄锻炼意志
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Actions Speak Louder Than Words by commenting on William Penn's famous remark “A man, like a watch, is to be valued by this manner of going” You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
范文：行胜于言
Actions Speak Louder Than Words
“A man, like a watch, is to be valued by this manner of going .” I assume that you are familiar with William Penn's remark. The watch is crucial for every individual, because it tells the time by moving constantly. It is obvious that a man is of little value if he fail to act like a watch.
William Penn's remark aims at informing us of the significance of taking actions. We can not emphasize the importance of actions too much. Action will enable us to achieve our objectives more smoothly and realize their dreams more rapidly. The more action we take, the more likely we are to accumulate experience, master skills and get close to our destination. To further demonstrate the importance of A, I would like to take a famous Chinese fable story as a case in point. How could the “foolish old man” who dreamed of removing the mountain in front of his gate finally achieve his dream without taking constant actions ?
From my perspective , at no time should we ignore the value of actions. Accordingly, not only should us posses a great dream, but we also should take actions to make it come true. “actions speak louder than words.” A philosopher also once said. (205 words)
参考译文：
威廉.佩恩(英国海军上将)曾说：“一个人的价值，就好比手表，是由他不断的行动来决定的。”手表对于每个人都很重要，因为它通过一刻不停的移动来告诉人们时间。很明显，一个人如果不想手表那样的行动，也就价值甚微了。
威廉.佩恩的话目的在于告诉我们采取行动的重要性。我们再怎么强调行动的重要性也不为过。行动能使我们更顺利地实现目标、更快速地实现梦想。我们采取的行动越多，我们就越能积累经验、掌握技巧并且接近目标。为了进一步证明行动的重要性，我想以一个著名的中国寓言故事做为例子：梦想移走门前大山的愚公，如果不采取持续的行动，怎么能实现他这个巨大的梦想呢?
在我们看来，任何时候我们都不应该忽视行动的价值。因此，我们不仅应该拥有梦想，还需要采取行动去实现。一位哲学家也曾经说过“行胜于言”。
如今，微博已成为人们生活的一部分。写心情，关注朋友，分享身边的新鲜事。四六级作文命题点都是针对社会热点，因此，微博的流行，不能不被命题者关注。因此，文都考研四六级考试研究中心以微博的流行为考试题目，为广大考生提供了以下范文。
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Popularity of Micro-blog. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.
1.现在很多人热衷用微博来表达心声
2.微博中可能存在的问题
3.在我看来
【参考范文】
The Popularity of Micro-blog
In recent years, Micro-blog has been more and more popular. Precisely, Micro-blog has become part of people's life. It seems that everybody has a Micro-blog now. Many factors contribute to the widespread of Micro-blogging. First, Micro-blog enables people to convey their emotions and individual thoughts more conveniently. Micro-blog has no fixed rules and needn't professional knowledge and skills, which enables millions of people to have a voice and connect with others. Moreover, people can express their instant feelings at any time and anywhere if they have a phone. Second, Micro-blog can communicate with each other more deeply. By revealing their heartfelt emotions on the Micro-blog, their friends may also know about their conditions and can offer in-time comfort. Third, Micro-blog really provides a platform for ordinary people to display their abilities, and it is a good form for people to share views and to get information. However, Micro-blogging can also be potentially dangerous as it may give away people's privacy and other significant information. It might be used by some people who have ulterior motives to spread rumors or to slander other people. In other hands, being susceptible to others' idea easily，most people tend to lose the ability of thinking independently.In my opinion, Micro-blogging provides us comfort and also inevitably some concerns. We should be careful while using it.
首先，我们来关注一下主题的定位和发挥。考试类写作最讲究对主题的理解和阐释。有些考试的设置方式是让作者无限发挥，自由联想，追求思维的新颖独特，越前卫就越有个性。甚至还留下一个开放式结尾，让作者充分发挥想象力。而国内考试中的四级、六级、考研英语都属于限制性命题。通过多种暗示要求考生定向思维，写出命题者所期望的内容，之后在语言上决出高低胜负。
国内考试的命题都是经过出题者的深思熟虑创作而成，主题、提纲、中心思想在出题者心目中已经形成了一个定势，经过简化和浓缩过程，变成了试卷上浅显简单的文字。这相当于编辑为密码的命题过程—convert message into codes。除了题目之外，在简单的提纲、图表和说明文字中都会有一些信息暗示，而这些都构成了命题者的思维模型。一旦超出这些暗示，或者跨越这个模型就意味着跑题或违背出题者意图。
考生在面对试题、阅读写作要求时，开始进入解码状态(decode and interpret)，由于理解能力和效果的差异，往往会出现三种不同的反馈。第一种是发挥过度，超越或偏离命题者的期待。这类考生思维活跃，知识渊博或想象力丰富，在有限的时间内快速浮想联翩，由暗示信息联想到种种杂乱的信息，未加筛选就直接进入创作过程，结果不慎把无关内容也写出来，或是跑得太远，导致错位跑题。跑题的恶果就是所答非所问，偏离了命题思路，滑向了危险的轨道。由于大学英语考试往往注重限制话题，限制内容，限制思路。跑题意味着审题失败，往往会遭遇到零分或低分。第二种反馈是发挥拘谨，未达到命题者所要求的思路深度和广度。创作者手忙脚乱，只从幼稚的表面去分析现象，或未能完成要求的几个环节，只是蜻蜓点水，匆忙应付其中一两个细节。本以为能应付差事，其实在思维过程中已经严重弱化了命题的内涵，也达不到命题者的期待。这类创作在分数上大受影响，只能得到一个低层次的分数，漂亮的语言也不能挽回局面。第三种反馈是严格定位，说一不二，把握命题者的暗示信息，在此基础上做有限的发挥，最终和命题者所考虑的不谋而合。由于命题内容极其简约有限，考生需要让思维尽快和试题对位，顺藤摸瓜，把握线索，沿正确的路线前行，直到顺利达到destination，破解命题者设下的谜局。
显然，刚才谈到的是三种审题效果，也只有第三种审题才是我们要重点把握的。正确审题的前提是冷静思考，look before you leap。大批考生在写作中的错误都来自于不加思考，匆忙动笔凑字数，凑足了字数又有何用?只能导致前两种审题带来的悲惨结局了。所以在此我们可以肯定地说，写作最关键的环节在于正确审题，当然还要三思后才能确定主题方向。在考试中，审题过程在五分钟以内，经过反复考虑确定创作发挥的路径。在创作中也要注意细节和底线，跨越底线就是跑题，而忽视细节可能导致弱化主题。只有按部就班地审题，把握住所有关键细节，才能紧扣主题。
限制性作文的特点就是规定了范围和底线，考生要在范围内做有限度的发挥，还要做出精彩的论述。这好象戴着镣铐跳舞，也要跳出优美的舞姿来。而出题者则成为了局面的控制者，考官的思路才是我们了解的重点。做事情不能随心所欲，那么我们就投其所好。下面是部分四六级的考题，我们来区分一下不同审题效果，看看不同的思路会引向何种创作。
四级考题：How I Finance My College Education
常规审题透视——
主题：(Finance)如何承担大学教育的费用
拓展：(How)承担学费的方式和手段，可写出多样化途径
道德期待：(I)学生们能从自身能力出发，多考虑自立，减轻父母负担
考生思路一：攒钱和节俭的重要性。由于父母收入不多，自己更要从生活细节上注意节俭，不攀比，坚决反对奢侈浪费。(跑题)
考生思路二：打工挣钱的重要性。现在不少青少年过度依赖父母，上大学花掉很多钱。我们要学会打工自立，积累社会经验，培养出独立生活能力。(弱化主题)
考生思路三：大学学费不断上涨，给学生造成了沉重负担。自己会考虑通过三种方式解决学费问题：打工挣钱、奖学金、银行助学贷款。通过个人努力，减轻父母压力，争取靠自己完成大学学业。(紧扣主题)
点评：第一种思路完全偏离了支付大学学费的主题。作者只从节俭是美德的角度出发，指出生活节俭的重要性，与主题毫不相关。第二种思路虽然偶尔提到了上学费用，但轻描淡写，把重心放在了打工自立的层面，交纳大学学费的主题被严重弱化。第三种思路一开始就切入正题，并且把题目中的“How”发挥出三种方式，基本完成了要求的内容布局，而最后强调依靠个人努力，也和命题者心目中所考虑的positive solution完全一致。本文的目的就是要暗示学生们去寻找自立的手段。相反，如果本文作者只是要求父母来支付学费，自己不要太费心，希望他们今后继续承担。这虽是一种办法，却辜负了命题者的一番苦心。现实中虽然学生主要依赖家长，但懒学生的说法从情理上背离了考官的positive expectation，会导致考官的负面评价，认为考生素质不高，最终被严重扣分。
六级考题：Say No to Pirated Products
常规审题透视——
主题：坚决抵制盗版产品
拓展：现实社会中盗版猖獗的原因
道德期待：由于盗版属于严重的侵权行为，我们应当采取措施抵制盗版
考生思路一：支持盗版行为。由于盗版产品品种齐全、价格低廉、极大方便了低收入的工薪阶层和学生群体，因此极大程度满足了人民需求，存在的就是合理的，我们应当支持盗版。未来应当为盗版存在创造更大的空间。(跑题)
考生思路二：强调正版产品的优势。正版产品在市场上广泛存在，其质量优越，使用起来生命期长，免除了消费者的后顾之忧。因此我们应当支持正版，打击盗版。(弱化主题)
考生思路三：日常生活中盗版现象日趋严重，无处不在。由于盗版产品的廉价性、多样性、低成本，所以被大量制造出来。盗版产品价格便宜，却威胁了正版的生存;质量低劣，往往损害消费者的利益。因此公民要提升法律意识，坚决抵制盗版，并且通过相关部门对盗版行为进行严厉的处罚。(紧扣主题)
点评：第一种思路过于自由化，恰好与设定的主题背道而驰。也许作者自己尝过盗版产品的好处，自己的经济实力能够负担，所以重点肯定了盗版的好处。此考生也许只关注了眼前利益，站错了立场，居然站出来支持盗版，缺乏是非意识、法律意识。错误的立场必然导致全盘跑题，很难得到分数。第二种思路本想摒弃盗版，却从反面出发，南辕北辙。考生反复强调正版产品的好处，滔滔不绝，却忘记了本来的目的是要否定盗版。导致主题不断弱化，结尾轻描淡写已经不能挽回局面。第三种思路正是遵循提纲的指示，对要求提及的各方面都有所照顾，尤其讲到了盗版的原因和危害，最后还分析了我们的做法，立场坚定，属于高级创作思路。
综合以上分析，我们总结出审题过程中要注意的三个层面：
主题层面：文章要围绕着什么去论述?什么内容是本文的核心话题?
拓展层面：如何展开文章打通思路?题目需要我们朝哪些环节深入?
道德层面：逻辑上符合不等于道德上符合，命题者要求的思维一定具有积极健康道德的元素，我们的立场应当尽量符合命题人的态度。