我们来看一个英语学习中的难点——"cannot" 的一些特殊用法。 很多同学可能会觉得 "cannot" 就是 "不能",但其实它还有一些更高级、更地道的用法,一不小心就会理解错!
这是最容易让中国同学犯错的用法! "Cannot (could not) + too + adjective/adverb" 的意思不是 “不能太过…”,而是 “再…不过”、“无论怎样…都不为过”! 这里的 "cannot" 不是 “不应该”,而是 “不可能有此情况”!
举个栗子:
You can't be too careful. (你千万要小心。)
是不是感觉和平时理解的不一样? ? 别急,我们来分析一下:
直译:你无论多么小心也不过分。
意译:你千万要小心。
再来一个例子:
And too much importance can't be placed on the value of meeting with a prospective doctor face to face. (同一位物色中的医生面对面交谈,其价值是无论如何看重都不为过的。)
记住,遇到 "cannot/could not + too" 的结构,一定要仔细分析语境,不要想当然地理解为 “不能太…”!
"Cannot (could not) + adjective/adverb in the comparative form" 也有“再…不过”、“好到无以复加” 的意思!
比如:
Things couldn't be better. (情况再好不过了。)
I couldn't agree with you more. (你的意见,我完全同意。)
But intelligence officials and experts say that could not be further from the truth. (但是情报官员和专家说那与事实完全不符。)
You couldn't be more mistaken. (你大错特错了。)
He could not have cared less. (他根本不放在心上。)
For many businesses, the loss of telephone service Thursday couldn't have come at a worse time. (对于许多企业来说,星期四电话不通,时间是最不凑巧的了。)
The candidates could not be at a greater distance on this issue. (各个候选人在这个问题上彼此的距离极大。)
They couldn't think any worse of him than they already did. (他们对他的印象,已经坏到无以复加了。)
The contrast between the morning paper and the news on radio and television could not have been more dramatic this morning. (今天上午拿清早报纸和广播电视新闻对比一下,反差大极了。)
是不是觉得有点晕? 没关系,多看几个例子,慢慢就熟悉了! 关键是要记住,这种结构通常表示程度很高,到了顶点!
与表示“过分”的动词连用,也有这种情况:
The awful toll exacted on the soldiers and citizens cannot be exaggerated. (军人和平民伤亡惨重,不计其数。)
祝贺人家结婚,可以说:
It couldn't happen to two nicer people. (天生一对,地造一双。)
"Couldn't do better than + to infinitive" 也是表示“好到无以复加”、“最好莫如…”的意思!
例如:
If you want the ultimate in calculators, you couldn't do better than to choose Sharp. (如果你想要最新式的计算器,你就最好莫如选择夏普。)
注意: 如果 "than" 后面不是动词不定式而是一个名词,而且主语不是指人而是指物,就仍然保持 “(主语)比某物的效果好不到哪里去” 的意思,而没有 “最好莫如做某事” 的含义!
例如:
After a decade of study, Merck last year abandoned its effort to develop a new type of antidepressant when it couldn't do better than a placebo in tests. (经过十年的研究,默克公司去年放弃了努力,不再开发一种新的抗抑郁症药品,因为这种药品经过试用,功效并没有超过安慰剂。)
enough 也有与 too 类似的情况,表示程度很深!
例如:
I can't thank you enough. (我不知怎样谢你才好。)
can 后面加上 not, never 之类的否定词,通常意思是 “不可能” 或 “不可以” 而不是 “可能不” 或 “可以不”! 表示 “可能不” 或 “可以不”,要说 need not 或 may not!
但是,如果 can 和后面的否定词离开很远,也可以表示 “可能不” 或 “可以不”!
例如:
You can work an entire lifetime in this field and never see two cases of autism alike. (你可能在这个行业干一辈子也遇不到两个相同的孤独症病例。)
如果 can 和 never 靠在一起,意思就会变成为 “绝不可能” 而不是 “有可能不”!