英语中的状语从句是句子中用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明动作或状态的时间、原因、条件、目的、结果、比较、让步等的从句。状语从句通常由从属连词引导,如because(因为)、although(尽管)、if(如果)、when(当...时)、while(在...期间)、since(自从)、until/till(直到)、as(当...时)、so that(以便)、as if(好像)等。
<一> 例句
Once you've finished, go to bed.
一干完,你就睡觉去吧。
<二> 语法分析
英语中有大量的时间状语从句,多由连词引导,也有一些时间状语从句不由连词引导。从句可以位于句首、句中或句末。状语从句按意义可以分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句以及比较状语从句等。
<三> 触类旁通
(1)On and on he went, till he reached the outskirts of the wood.
他走了又走,直到走到林子边。
语法分析:大量的时间状语从句,多由连词引导。
(2)If I were you, I'd go to school tomorrow.
我要是你,明天就去上学。
语法分析:条件状语从句多由if 或unless 引导,if有时可以省略,而把从句的语序倒装。
(3)So many people came to the concert that some couldn't get in.
那么多人来听音乐会,以至有些人无法进来。
语法分析:结果状语从句多由so that, so...that, such...that以及that等引导。
(4)Where others are weak, he is strong.
别人的弱点正是他的优势。
语法分析:where 引导的从句,除了表示地方外,还可以表示处境等,可有多种含义。
(5)Some prased him, whereas others condemned him.
有些人赞扬他,而另一些人却谴责他。
语法分析:although, though, while, whereas等多引导让步状语从句
(6)Since I haven't got her address, I can't write to her.
因为我没有她的地址,所以我无法给她去信。
语法分析:原因状语从句多由because, as, since, in case等引导。
<巩固练习>
1. I had been less cautions, I might have been more wise.
2. I show everything on my face, I'm angry or pleased.
3. My father has bought me a bicycle that I can get to school.
4. The situation is such agreement is unlikely.
5. Drink this, you will be sick.
6. [see] he refused to help us, there's no reason why we should now help him.
7. as I would like to come. I cannot.
8. I live there were plenty of sheep.
9. She is as tall her father.
参考答案:
1. If 2. whether 3. so 4. that 5. else
6. Seeing 7. Much 8. Where 9.as