William rankine , a scottish engineer and one of the fathers of thermodynamics , was the first to explain how these repeated stress reversals could cause cracks to propagate .
What neither he , nor anyone else , could possibly know was whether the part in question would fail in the next 1000 reversals or last for 10000 more .
他或者任何其他的人都不可能知道正在讨论的零部件是否在未来的一千次倒转或延续一万多次倒转中失灵。
All things being equal , which they rarely are , the higher the cyclical stress level on an aircraft structure , the fewer the number of reversals it can withstand before breaking .
所有的事情很少是平等的,飞机结构上的周期性压力水平更高,破碎前它可以承受倒转的数字就更少些。
Until now , biologists have been at a loss to explain what advantage these rare reversals in shell-coiling offer . But gregory dietl , of yale university , and jonathan hendricks , at cornell , think they know the answer .
With democratic voters depressed and mr obama off the ballot , reversals are inevitable .
但是现在民主党的支持者受挫,奥巴马选票失利,不可避免事态朝反向发展。
Admittedly , every time an airliner takes off and lands it goes through a demanding cycle of stress reversals .
诚然,飞机每次起飞和着陆都会经历一次应力反向的费力周期。
Other markets also saw sharp reversals .
其它市场也呈现了剧烈反转的态势。
Some believe that the hardened gray iron used to make the components simply " fatigues " with age-as metal parts that go through millions of stress reversals eventually do .