One of the most important of these is a fluctuation in the density of electrons and other electrically-charged particles in the ionosphere .
最重要的一点是在电离层的电子和其他带电粒子的密度是波动的。
When a nuclear blast that large goes off underground , it sends a shockwave of disturbed air into the ionosphere .
当核爆破离开地下,它会传递一种干扰空气的震荡波到电离层。
The researchers found that almost all of the earthquakes down to a depth of about 35km were preceded by distinct electrical disturbances in the ionosphere .
研究人员发现几乎所有深度达到35公里的地震都可以通过电离层明显的电磁扰动现象预测到。
Like a boat trying to cut through the ocean waves , the induced magnetic fields pile up where the solar wind meets venus 's ionosphere .
就像试图穿越海浪的船,诱发的磁场积蓄在太阳风与金星的电离层的交汇处。
The national science foundation has funded ground-based radars which send off radio waves that reflect off the ionosphere , allowing scientists to measure the speed at which the ions in the ionosphere are moving .
The ionizing radiation from the high altitude burst can travel for hundreds of miles before being absorbed . Significant ionization of the upper atmosphere ( ionosphere ) can occur .
由高空爆炸产生的致电离辐射在被吸收之前能够传播几百英里,产生明显的高层大气电离(电离层)。
Together these discharges coalesce and get stronger , creating electromagnetic waves circling around earth , to create a beating pulse between the ground and the lower ionosphere , about 60 miles up in the atmosphere .
Above the stratosphere , blue layers mark the upper atmosphere ( including the mesosphere , thermosphere , ionosphere , and exosphere ) as it gradually fades into the blackness of outer space .