If the father of electromagnetism , michael faraday , could be transported into the 21st century , he would no doubt be awestruck by the iphone .
如果电磁学之父迈克尔法拉第可以乘坐时光机来到21世纪,毫无疑问他将对iphone肃然起敬。
Most bosons are messenger particles that cement the others , known as fermions , together . They do so via electromagnetism and the weak and strong nuclear forces .
Generally these attempts tried to " quantize gravity " by positing a particle , the graviton , that carried gravity in the same way that photons ( light ) carry electromagnetism .
It was based on the assumption that , in this fictional world , the colonials had merged theories of electromagnetism and gravity , such that if you could create a very intense electromagnetic field , it would be functionally equivalent to an intense gravitational field capable of warping spacetime .
Unification in physics has a long history electricity and magnetism were unified in the 1800s , and later mass and energy were found to be interchangeable . In the latter half of the 20th century , two further forces were unified : electromagnetism and the " weak " force .
Three physicists in particular-sheldon lee glashow , abdus salam , and steven weinberg-developed something called " electroweak theory , " which neatly extended our understanding of electromagnetism to incorporate the weak force .
The standard model , a product of many minds , incorporates the three fundamental forces that are not gravity ( electromagnetism , and the strong and weak nuclear forces ) , and also a menagerie of apparently indivisible particles : ......
Technically , it is needed to explain a phenomenon called electroweak symmetry breaking , which divides two of the fundamental forces of nature , electromagnetism and the weak nuclear force .
He points out that when glashow , salam and weinberg were working out how the higgs mechanism might help unify electromagnetism and the weak force , they realized that in addition to giving mass to the heavy force-carriers , the higgs might also give mass to other fundamental particles .