In a recent article , I argued that states should understand and restructure punitive damages , in part , to advance the public 's interest in retributive justice .
在最近的一篇文章中,我认为各州应该重新理解惩罚性赔偿,从某种程度来说,推进公共利益需要报复性司法。
At this period amos was called from his obscurity to remind the people of the law of god 's retributive justice , and to call them to repentance .
在此期间阿莫斯被称为从他默默无闻,提醒神的报应正义法律的人,叫他们悔改。
Then under the influence of the buddhist ethic of " law of cause and effect " , stories of baogong involved large quantities of " retributive " narration usually with attempt of moral " admonishment " .
States should employ a damages scheme that sharpens juries ' and judges ' decision making by disaggregating the retributive and nonretributive functions that are normally conflated in awards of punitive damages .
It must now ensure that european policymakers recognise the city of london 's value to the european economy and limit the damage that badly-constructed , overzealous and seemingly retributive regulation might do to it .
But consistency with constitutional mandates is not the only goal-the level of procedural protections should also be faithful to the basic values underlying retributive justice .
但是与宪法规定相一致并不是唯一目的程序保障水平也应该忠实于报复性司法背后的基本价值。
A number of scholars have argued that punitive damages , insofar as they serve public retributive goals , are unconstitutional because civil defendants lack procedural safeguards such as those provided in criminal cases .
While this article builds on those achievements , its com-parative advantage and its focus are on the procedural safeguards and mechanisms necessary to implement the public interest in retributive justice , a point that has been demonstrably underexamined in the existing literature .
More importantly , if states adopt a retributive damages regime , they should , if they have not already done so , also add some heightened procedural safeguards for defendants facing retributive damages .
Under such a legislative framework , extracompensatory damages would be available separately , if necessary , for retributive , cost internalization , and personal dignity repair ( or what I more frequently call victim vindication ) purposes .